tomoaki
a40ee8dda5
Create helper functions to support plan_rewrites() extraction: - build_local_block_map(): Build block ID mapping for a function - sync_spans(): Synchronize instruction spans after rewriting These pure functions will be used by both the current monolithic merge_and_rewrite() and the new plan_rewrites() function. Progress: Step 1/4 (helpers) complete 🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code) Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
78 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
78 lines
3.8 KiB
Markdown
# Nyash Quick Reference (MVP)
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Purpose
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- One‑page practical summary for writing and implementing Nyash.
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- Keep grammar minimal; clarify rules that often cause confusion.
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Keywords (reserved)
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- control: `if`, `else`, `loop`, `match`, `case`, `break`, `continue`, `return`
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- decl: `static`, `box`, `local`, `using`, `as`
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- lit: `true`, `false`, `null`, `void`
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Expressions and Calls
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- Function call: `f(a, b)`
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- Method call: `obj.m(a, b)` — internally normalized to function form: `Class.m(me: obj, a, b)`
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- Default‑ON（P4）: Known 受信者かつ関数が一意に存在する場合に正規化（userbox 限定）。
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- それ以外（Unknown/core/user‑instance）は安全に BoxCall へフォールバック（挙動不変）。
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- 環境で無効化: `NYASH_REWRITE_KNOWN_DEFAULT=0`（開発時の切替用）。
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- バックエンド（VM/LLVM/Ny）は統一形状の呼び出しを受け取る。
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- Member: `obj.field` or `obj.m`
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Display & Conversion
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- Human‑readable display: `str(x)`（推奨）/ `x.str()`
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- 既存の `toString()` は `str()` に正規化（Builder早期リライト）。
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- 互換: 既存の `stringify()` は当面エイリアス（内部で `str()` 相当へ誘導）。
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- Debug表示（構造的・安定）: `repr(x)`（将来導入、devのみ）
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- JSONシリアライズ: `toJson(x)`（文字列）/ `toJsonNode(x)`（構造）
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Operators (precedence high→low)
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- Unary: `! ~ - weak` (`weak <expr>` produces a `WeakRef`; `weak(expr)` is invalid)
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- Multiplicative: `* / %`
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- Additive: `+ -`
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- Compare: `== != < <= > >=`
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- Logical: `&& ||` (short‑circuit, side‑effect aware)
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Semicolons and ASI (Automatic Semicolon Insertion)
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- Allowed to omit semicolon at:
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- End of line, before `}` or at EOF, when the statement is syntactically complete.
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- Not allowed:
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- Line break immediately after a binary operator (e.g., `1 +\n2`)
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- Ambiguous continuations; parser must Fail‑Fast with a clear message.
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Truthiness (boolean context)
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- SSOT: `reference/language/types.md`（runtime truthiness）
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- 実行上は `Bool/Integer/Float/String/Void` が中心。`BoxRef` は一部のコアBoxのみ許可され、その他は `TypeError`（Fail-Fast）。
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- `null` は `void` の別名（構文糖衣）。どちらも boolean context では `TypeError`。
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Equality and Comparison
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- SSOT: `reference/language/types.md`（`==`/`!=` と `< <= > >=` の runtime 仕様）
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- `==` は一部の cross-kind（`Integer↔Bool`, `Integer↔Float`）を best-effort で扱う。その他は `false`。
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- `< <= > >=` は `Integer/Float/String` の **同型同士**のみ（異型は `TypeError`）。
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String and Numeric `+`
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- SSOT: `reference/language/types.md`（runtime `+` 仕様）
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- `Integer+Integer`, `Float+Float` は加算。片側が `String` なら文字列連結（相手は文字列化）。
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- それ以外（例: `Integer+Bool`, `Integer+Float`）は `TypeError`（Fail-Fast）。
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Blocks and Control
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- `if (cond) { ... } [else { ... }]`
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- `loop (cond) { ... }` — minimal loop form
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- `match (expr) { case ... }` — MVP (literals and simple type patterns)
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Using / SSOT
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- Dev/CI: file‑based `using` allowed for convenience.
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- Prod: `nyash.toml` only. Duplicate imports or alias rebinding is an error.
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Errors (format)
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- Always: `Error at line X, column Y: <message>`
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- For tokenizer errors, add the reason and show one nearby line if possible.
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Dev/Prod toggles (indicative)
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- `NYASH_DEV=1` — developer defaults (diagnostics, tracing; behavior unchanged)
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- `NYASH_ENABLE_USING=1` — enable using resolver
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- `NYASH_ENTRY_ALLOW_TOPLEVEL_MAIN=1` — allow `main` as top‑level entry
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Notes
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- Keep the language small. Prefer explicit conversions (`int(x)`, `str(x)`, `bool(x)`) in standard helpers over implicit coercions.
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- Builder rewrites method calls to keep runtime dispatch simple and consistent across backends.
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