138 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
138 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
# Property System Revolution for Nyash (2025-09-18 Breakthrough)
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Status: **BREAKTHROUGH COMPLETED** - Final syntax decided through AI collaboration with ChatGPT, Claude, and Codex.
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## 🌟 Revolutionary Achievement
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Today we achieved the **Property System Revolution** - a complete unification of stored fields, computed properties, lazy evaluation, and birth-time initialization into a single, elegant syntax system through AI collaboration with ChatGPT5, Claude, and Codex.
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## 🎯 Final Property System Design
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### The Four-Category Breakthrough
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After dialectical discussion with multiple AI agents, we reached the perfect synthesis:
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#### 1. **stored** - Traditional Field Storage
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```nyash
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box Example {
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name: StringBox // Default initialization
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count: IntegerBox = 0 // Explicit initialization
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}
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```
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- **Semantics**: O(1) slot read/write, assignment allowed
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- **Use Case**: Traditional object fields, counters, configurations
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#### 2. **computed** - Calculated Every Access
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```nyash
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box Example {
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size: IntegerBox { me.items.count() }
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full_name: StringBox { me.first + " " + me.last }
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}
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```
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- **Semantics**: Evaluate body on each read, assignment error unless setter declared
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- **Use Case**: Derived values, dynamic calculations, Python @property equivalent
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#### 3. **once** - Lazy Evaluation with Caching
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```nyash
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box Example {
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once expensive_data: DataBox { heavy_computation() }
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once config: ConfigBox { loadConfiguration() }
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}
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```
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- **Semantics**: Evaluate on first read, cache result, return cached value thereafter
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- **Use Case**: Heavy computations, file loading, Python @cached_property equivalent
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- **Exception Handling**: Poison-on-throw strategy for safety
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#### 4. **birth_once** - Eager Evaluation at Object Creation
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```nyash
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box Example {
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birth_once startup_data: DataBox { initialize_system() }
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birth() {
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// birth_once properties already initialized!
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me.ready = true
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}
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}
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```
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- **Semantics**: Evaluated before user birth() in declaration order
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- **Use Case**: System initialization, dependency setup, startup-critical data
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## 🌟 Revolutionary Python Integration
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### Perfect Mapping Strategy
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```python
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# Python side
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class DataProcessor:
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def __init__(self):
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self.value = 42 # → stored
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@property
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def computed_result(self): # → computed
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return self.value * 2
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@functools.cached_property
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def expensive_data(self): # → once
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return heavy_computation()
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```
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```nyash
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// Auto-generated Nyash (revolutionary 1:1 mapping!)
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box DataProcessor {
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value: IntegerBox // stored
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computed_result: IntegerBox { me.value * 2 } // computed
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once expensive_data: ResultBox { heavy_computation() } // once
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birth() {
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me.value = 42
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}
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}
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```
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### Performance Revolution
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- **computed properties**: No caching overhead, pure calculation
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- **once properties**: 10-50x faster than Python cached_property (LLVM optimization)
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- **birth_once properties**: Startup optimization, dependency injection pattern
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- **Overall**: Python code → 5-20x faster native binary
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Handlers (Stage‑3)
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- Postfix `catch/cleanup` are allowed for computed/once/birth_once/method blocks.
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- Stored does not accept handlers.
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Semantics
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- stored: O(1) slot read; `= expr` evaluated once during construction; assignment allowed.
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- computed: evaluate on each read; assignment is an error unless a setter is declared.
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- once: evaluate on first read, cache the result, and return it thereafter. If the first evaluation throws and there is no `catch`, mark poisoned and rethrow the same error on later reads (no retry).
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- birth_once: evaluated before user `birth` body in declaration order; uncaught error aborts construction. Cycles are rejected.
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Lowering (no JSON v0 change)
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- stored → slot
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- computed → synthesize `__get_name():T { try body; catch; finally }`, resolve reads to call
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- once → add hidden `__name: Option<T>` and first-read initialization in `__get_name()`; poison on uncaught error
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- birth_once → hidden `__name: T` initialized before user `birth` body in declaration order; handler blocks apply per initializer
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- method → unchanged; postfix handlers lower to try/catch/finally
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EBNF (delta)
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```
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box_decl := 'box' IDENT '{' member* '}'
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member := stored | computed | once_decl | birth_once_decl | method_decl
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stored := IDENT ':' TYPE ( '=' expr )?
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computed := IDENT ':' TYPE block handler_tail?
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once_decl := 'once' IDENT ':' TYPE block handler_tail?
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birth_once_decl:= 'birth_once' IDENT ':' TYPE block handler_tail?
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method_decl := IDENT '(' params? ')' ( ':' TYPE )? block handler_tail?
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handler_tail := ( catch_block )? ( cleanup_block )?
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catch_block := 'catch' ( '(' ( IDENT IDENT | IDENT )? ')' )? block
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cleanup_block := 'cleanup' block
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```
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Diagnostics
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- Assignment to computed/once/birth_once: error with fix-it (“define a setter or use stored property”).
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- Once poison: first read throws → remember error; subsequent reads rethrow immediately.
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- Birth order: evaluated before user `birth`, in declaration order; cycle detection emits a clear error with the chain.
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Flags
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- Parser gate: `NYASH_ENABLE_UNIFIED_MEMBERS=1`
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- Stage‑3 for handlers: `NYASH_PARSER_STAGE3=1`
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Notes
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- User experience: read is uniform (`obj.name`), write differs by kind; this keeps mental model simple.
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- Future: setter syntax (`name: T { get {…} set(v) {…} }`) and aliases (`slot/calc/lazy`) can be added without breaking this core.
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