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hakorune/docs/reference/language/README.md
tomoaki c117a04035 fix(rewrite): toString normalization to BoxCall(slot #0) - Phase 287 P4 
Root cause: toString/stringify/str were being rewritten to Global/Method calls
with class inference, causing Main.toString/0 to be called for primitives.

Fix (Box-First + Legacy Deletion):
1. ✅ MIR Builder - toString normalization (special.rs)
   - ALWAYS emit BoxCall with method_id=0 for toString/stringify/str
   - Do NOT rewrite to Global(Class.str/0) or Method calls
   - DELETED 70+ lines of complex class inference logic
   - Primitive guard with method name filter (known.rs)

2. ✅ JSON Serializer - method_id output (mir_json_emit.rs)
   - Include method_id field in BoxCall JSON for LLVM

3. ✅ LLVM Backend - universal slot #0 support
   - Extract method_id from JSON (instruction_lower.py)
   - Box primitives via nyash.box.from_i64 (boxcall.py)
   - Invoke toString via plugin system with method_id=0
   - ⚠️ TODO: Add nyash.integer.tostring_h to kernel

Test Results:
✅ VM: local x = 1; print(x.toString()) → "1" (PASS)
✅ VM: array_length test (boxed Integer) → PASS
⚠️ LLVM: Compiles successfully, needs kernel function

SSOT: slot_registry - toString is ALWAYS universal slot #0

Legacy Deleted:
- special.rs: Complex class inference rewrite (~70 lines)
- special.rs: Unique suffix fallback for toString
- special.rs: Main box special handling

Files changed:
- src/mir/builder/rewrite/special.rs (try_early_str_like_to_dst)
- src/mir/builder/rewrite/known.rs (primitive guards x4)
- src/runner/mir_json_emit.rs (method_id serialization x2)
- src/llvm_py/builders/instruction_lower.py (method_id extraction)
- src/llvm_py/instructions/boxcall.py (slot #0 handler)
- docs/reference/language/quick-reference.md (toString SSOT)

🎊 Generated with Claude Code
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2025-12-25 11:38:05 +09:00

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Nyash Language Reference – Index

This is the entry point for Nyash language documentation.

  • Full Language Reference (2025): reference/language/LANGUAGE_REFERENCE_2025.md
  • Syntax Cheat Sheet: quick-reference/syntax-cheatsheet.md
  • Phase 12.7 Grammar Specs (ternary, sugar; peek → match に統合):
    • Overview: development/roadmap/phases/phase-12.7/grammar-specs/README.md
    • Token/Grammar: development/roadmap/phases/phase-12.7/ancp-specs/ANCP-Token-Specification-v1.md
  • Sugar Transformations (?., ??, |> and friends): parser/sugar.rs (source) and tools/nyfmt/NYFMT_POC_ROADMAP.md
  • Match Expression (pattern matching): see the Language Reference and EBNF (peek was replaced by match)

Statement separation and semicolons

  • See: reference/language/statements.md — newline as primary separator; semicolons optional for multiple statements on one line; minimal ASI rules.

Imports and namespaces

  • See: reference/language/using.md — using syntax, runner resolution, and style guidance.

Variables and scope

  • See: reference/language/variables-and-scope.md — Block-scoped locals, assignment resolution, and strong/weak reference guidance.
  • See: reference/language/lifecycle.md — Box lifetime, ownership (strong/weak), and finalization (fini) SSOT.
  • See: reference/language/repl.md — REPL mode semantics (file mode vs REPL binding rules).

Type system (SSOT)

  • See: reference/language/types.md — runtime truthiness, +/compare/equality semantics, and the role/limits of MIR type facts.

Grammar (EBNF)

  • See: reference/language/EBNF.md — Stage‑2 grammar specification used by parser implementations.
  • Unified Members (stored/computed/once/birth_once): see reference/language/EBNF.md “Box Members (Phase 15)” and the Language Reference section. Default ON (disable with NYASH_ENABLE_UNIFIED_MEMBERS=0).

Member exceptions and handlers (Stage‑3)

  • Postfix catch/cleanup may be attached to computed/once/birth_once/method blocks when Stage‑3 is enabled. Stored members (plain name: Type [= expr]) do not support handlers.

Related implementation notes

  • Tokenizer: src/tokenizer.rs
  • Parser (expressions/statements): src/parser/expressions.rs, src/parser/statements.rs
  • MIR Lowering (expressions): src/mir/builder/exprs.rs and friends

Navigation tips

  • The “reference/language/LANGUAGE_REFERENCE_2025.md” is the canonical long‑form reference; use the Cheat Sheet for quick syntax lookup.
  • Phase 12.7 files capture the finalized sugar and new constructs (match (replaces peek), ternary, null‑safe).