547 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
547 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# 🚀 Getting Started with Nyash - Practical Guide
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**最終更新: 2025年8月8日**
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## 🎯 5分でNyashを理解する
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Nyashは「Everything is Box」哲学に基づく、シンプルで強力なプログラミング言語です。
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このガイドでは、実際にコードを書きながらNyashの機能を学んでいきます。
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## ⚡ クイックスタート
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### **1. 環境構築**
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```bash
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# リポジトリのクローン
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git clone [repository-url]
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cd nyash/nyash-rust
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# ビルド
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cargo build
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# 実行
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./target/debug/nyash your_program.nyash
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```
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### **2. はじめてのNyashプログラム**
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`hello.nyash`を作成：
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```nyash
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print("Hello, Nyash World!")
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print("Everything is Box! 🎉")
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```
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実行：
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```bash
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./target/debug/nyash hello.nyash
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```
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出力：
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```
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Hello, Nyash World!
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Everything is Box! 🎉
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```
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## 📚 基本構文チュートリアル
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### **Step 1: 変数と初期化**
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```nyash
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# 🎯 新機能：初期化付き変数宣言
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local name = "Alice"
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local age = 25
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local height = 165.5
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local isStudent = true
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print("Name: " + name)
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print("Age: " + age)
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print("Height: " + height)
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print("Student: " + isStudent)
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# 複数変数の同時宣言・初期化
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local x = 10, y = 20, z = 30
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print("Sum: " + (x + y + z)) # 60
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# 混合宣言（初期化あり・なし）
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local initialized = 42, uninitialized, another = "test"
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uninitialized = "assigned later"
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print("Values: " + initialized + ", " + uninitialized + ", " + another)
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```
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### **Step 2: 演算子の使用**
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```nyash
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local a = 10
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local b = 3
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# 算術演算子
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print("Addition: " + (a + b)) # 13
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print("Subtraction: " + (a - b)) # 7
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print("Multiplication: " + (a * b)) # 30
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print("Division: " + (a / b)) # 3.3333333333333335
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# 論理演算子（自然言語ライク）
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local hasPermission = true
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local isLoggedIn = true
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local canAccess = hasPermission and isLoggedIn
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print("Can access: " + canAccess) # true
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local isDenied = not canAccess
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print("Is denied: " + isDenied) # false
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# 比較演算子
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print("a > b: " + (a > b)) # true
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print("a == b: " + (a == b)) # false
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```
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### **Step 3: 制御構造**
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```nyash
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function testControlFlow() {
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local score = 85
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# if文
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if score >= 90 {
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print("Grade: A")
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} else if score >= 80 {
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print("Grade: B") # これが実行される
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} else {
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print("Grade: C or below")
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}
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# ループ（統一構文）
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local count = 0
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loop(count < 3) {
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print("Count: " + count)
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count = count + 1
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if count == 2 {
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print("Breaking at 2")
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break
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}
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}
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}
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testControlFlow()
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```
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### **Step 4: Box（クラス）の定義**
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```nyash
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box Person {
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init { name, age, email } # フィールド定義（カンマ必須！）
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# コンストラクタ（引数サポート）
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Person(n, a, e) {
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me.name = n
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me.age = a
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me.email = e
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print("Person created: " + me.name)
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}
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# メソッド
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introduce() {
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print("Hi, I'm " + me.name + ", age " + me.age)
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}
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getInfo() {
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return me.name + " (" + me.age + ") - " + me.email
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}
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# デストラクタ
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fini() {
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print("Person destroyed: " + me.name)
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}
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}
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# 使用例
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person = new Person("Bob", 30, "bob@example.com")
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person.introduce()
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print("Info: " + person.getInfo())
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```
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## 🏭 実践例：Calculator アプリ
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完全なCalculatorアプリを実装：
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```nyash
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# 📱 Calculator App - Nyash版
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box Calculator {
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init { history }
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Calculator() {
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me.history = new ArrayBox()
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print("🧮 Calculator initialized!")
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}
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add(a, b) {
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local result = a + b
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me.addToHistory("ADD", a, b, result)
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return result
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}
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subtract(a, b) {
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local result = a - b
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me.addToHistory("SUB", a, b, result)
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return result
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}
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multiply(a, b) {
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local result = a * b
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me.addToHistory("MUL", a, b, result)
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return result
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}
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divide(a, b) {
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if b == 0 {
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print("❌ Error: Division by zero!")
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return 0
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}
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local result = a / b
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me.addToHistory("DIV", a, b, result)
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return result
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}
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addToHistory(op, a, b, result) {
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local record = op + ": " + a + " " + op + " " + b + " = " + result
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me.history.push(record)
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}
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showHistory() {
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print("📊 Calculation History:")
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local size = me.history.size()
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local i = 0
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loop(i < size) {
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print(" " + (i + 1) + ". " + me.history.get(i))
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i = i + 1
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}
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}
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clear() {
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me.history = new ArrayBox()
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print("🧹 History cleared!")
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}
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}
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# ✨ Calculator使用例
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calc = new Calculator()
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print("=== Basic Operations ===")
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print("10 + 5 = " + calc.add(10, 5))
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print("10 - 3 = " + calc.subtract(10, 3))
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print("4 * 7 = " + calc.multiply(4, 7))
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print("15 / 3 = " + calc.divide(15, 3))
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print("10 / 0 = " + calc.divide(10, 0)) # ゼロ除算エラーテスト
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print("")
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calc.showHistory()
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print("")
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print("=== Complex Calculations ===")
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local complex1 = calc.add(calc.multiply(3, 4), calc.divide(20, 4))
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print("(3 * 4) + (20 / 4) = " + complex1)
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calc.showHistory()
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```
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## ⚡ 並行処理の実践
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```nyash
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# 🚀 Parallel Processing Example
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function heavyComputation(iterations) {
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print("⚙️ Starting computation with " + iterations + " iterations...")
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local sum = 0
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local i = 0
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loop(i < iterations) {
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sum = sum + (i * i)
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i = i + 1
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# 進捗表示（1000回毎）
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if (i % 1000) == 0 {
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print(" Progress: " + i + "/" + iterations)
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}
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}
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print("✅ Computation completed: " + sum)
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return sum
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}
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function parallelDemo() {
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print("🚀 Starting parallel computations...")
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# 3つのタスクを並行実行
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future1 = nowait heavyComputation(5000)
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future2 = nowait heavyComputation(3000)
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future3 = nowait heavyComputation(4000)
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print("⏳ All tasks started. Waiting for results...")
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# 結果を待機して取得
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result1 = await future1
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result2 = await future2
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result3 = await future3
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local total = result1 + result2 + result3
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print("🎉 All tasks completed!")
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print("Total sum: " + total)
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return total
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}
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# 実行
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parallelDemo()
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```
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## 🏗️ Static Box（名前空間）の活用
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```nyash
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# 🏗️ Utility Classes with Static Boxes
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static box MathUtils {
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init { PI, E }
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static {
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me.PI = 3.14159265359
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me.E = 2.71828182846
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}
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square(x) {
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return x * x
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}
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circleArea(radius) {
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return me.PI * me.square(radius)
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}
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power(base, exp) {
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local result = 1
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local i = 0
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loop(i < exp) {
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result = result * base
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i = i + 1
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}
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return result
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}
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}
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static box StringUtils {
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init { EMPTY }
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static {
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me.EMPTY = ""
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}
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reverse(str) {
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# 簡易的な実装例
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return "REVERSED:" + str
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}
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isEmpty(str) {
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return str == me.EMPTY
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}
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}
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# 使用例
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print("π = " + MathUtils.PI)
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print("Circle area (r=5): " + MathUtils.circleArea(5))
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print("2^8 = " + MathUtils.power(2, 8))
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print("Empty check: " + StringUtils.isEmpty(""))
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print("Reverse: " + StringUtils.reverse("Hello"))
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```
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## 🐛 デバッグ機能の活用
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```nyash
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# 🐛 Debug Features Showcase
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box DebugExample {
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init { data, counter }
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DebugExample() {
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me.data = "example"
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me.counter = 0
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}
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process() {
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me.counter = me.counter + 1
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return "Processed #" + me.counter
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}
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}
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function debuggingDemo() {
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# DebugBoxでトラッキング開始
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DEBUG = new DebugBox()
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DEBUG.startTracking()
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print("🔍 Creating objects for debugging...")
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# オブジェクトを作成してトラッキング
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obj1 = new DebugExample()
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obj2 = new DebugExample()
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DEBUG.trackBox(obj1, "Primary Object")
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DEBUG.trackBox(obj2, "Secondary Object")
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# 処理実行
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result1 = obj1.process()
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result2 = obj2.process()
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result3 = obj1.process()
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print("Results: " + result1 + ", " + result2 + ", " + result3)
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# デバッグレポート表示
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print("")
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print("=== Memory Report ===")
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print(DEBUG.memoryReport())
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print("")
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print("=== Full Debug Dump ===")
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print(DEBUG.dumpAll())
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# デバッグ情報をファイルに保存
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DEBUG.saveToFile("debug_output.txt")
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print("🎉 Debug information saved to debug_output.txt")
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}
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debuggingDemo()
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```
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## 📦 ファイル組織とモジュール
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### **プロジェクト構造**
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```
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my_nyash_project/
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├── main.nyash # メインプログラム
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├── utils/
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│ ├── math.nyash # 数学ユーティリティ
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│ ├── string.nyash # 文字列ユーティリティ
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│ └── debug.nyash # デバッグ関数
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└── models/
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├── person.nyash # Personクラス
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└── calculator.nyash # Calculatorクラス
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```
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### **main.nyash**
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```nyash
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# 📦 Module System Example
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include "utils/math.nyash"
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include "utils/string.nyash"
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include "models/person.nyash"
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include "models/calculator.nyash"
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function main() {
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print("🚀 Multi-module Nyash Application")
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# 各モジュールの機能を使用
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person = new Person("Alice", 25, "alice@example.com")
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person.introduce()
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calc = new Calculator()
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result = calc.add(10, 20)
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print("Calculation result: " + result)
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}
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main()
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```
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## 🎯 ベストプラクティス
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### **1. 変数命名**
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```nyash
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# ✅ Good
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local userName = "alice"
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local totalAmount = 1000
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local isComplete = true
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# ❌ Avoid
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local x = "alice"
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local amt = 1000
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local flag = true
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```
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### **2. Box設計**
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```nyash
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# ✅ Good: 明確な責任分離
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box UserAccount {
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init { username, email, balance }
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UserAccount(u, e) {
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me.username = u
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me.email = e
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me.balance = 0
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}
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deposit(amount) {
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me.balance = me.balance + amount
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}
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}
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# ❌ Avoid: 責任の混在
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box EverythingBox {
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# 多すぎる責任を持たせない
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}
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```
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### **3. エラーハンドリング**
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```nyash
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function safeOperation(a, b) {
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if b == 0 {
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print("❌ Error: Division by zero")
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return 0
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}
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return a / b
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}
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```
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### **4. パフォーマンス考慮**
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```nyash
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# ✅ 効率的：static box使用
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result = MathUtils.calculate(data)
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# ✅ 効率的：初期化付き宣言
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local result = heavyCalculation(), cache = new MapBox()
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# ⚠️ 注意：不要なオブジェクト生成を避ける
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loop(i < 1000) {
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# 毎回new しない設計を心がける
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}
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```
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## 🚀 次のステップ
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### **学習順序**
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1. ✅ **基本構文** - このガイドで完了
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2. **並行処理** - `test_async_*.nyash`を参考に
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3. **Static Box応用** - ユーティリティクラス作成
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4. **デバッグ技法** - DebugBox完全活用
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5. **アプリケーション開発** - 実践的なプロジェクト
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### **サンプルプログラム**
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```bash
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# 実装済みサンプル
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./target/debug/nyash test_local_init.nyash # 初期化付き変数
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./target/debug/nyash app_dice_rpg.nyash # RPGバトルゲーム
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./target/debug/nyash app_statistics.nyash # 統計計算
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./target/debug/nyash test_async_parallel.nyash # 並行処理
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```
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### **リファレンス**
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- `docs/LANGUAGE_OVERVIEW_2025.md` - 言語全体概要
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- `docs/TECHNICAL_ARCHITECTURE_2025.md` - 技術仕様
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- `CLAUDE.md` - 開発者向け詳細情報
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## 🎉 おめでとうございます！
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このガイドでNyashの主要機能を学習しました！
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**習得内容:**
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- ✅ 基本構文（変数・演算子・制御構造）
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- ✅ Box（クラス）定義とオブジェクト指向
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- ✅ 並行処理・非同期プログラミング
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- ✅ Static Box・名前空間システム
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- ✅ デバッグ機能・開発支援ツール
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- ✅ 実践的なアプリケーション開発
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**Nyashでプログラミングの新しい可能性を探究してください！** 🚀
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---
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*Getting Started Guide v1.0*
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*Everything is Box - Start Simple, Think Big* |