300 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
300 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
# MIR 26-Instruction Specification
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*Nyash Machine Intermediate Representation - ChatGPT5 Compliant Version*
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## Overview
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This document specifies the official 26-instruction set for Nyash MIR (Machine Intermediate Representation), following the ChatGPT5 specification and AI consensus from the grand meeting.
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## Instruction Set (26 Instructions)
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### Tier-0: Core Instructions (5)
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1. **Const** - Load constant value
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```mir
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%dst = const <value>
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```
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Effect: pure
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2. **BinOp** - Binary operations (includes arithmetic, logical, comparison)
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```mir
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%dst = binop <op> %lhs, %rhs
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```
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Effect: pure
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3. **Compare** - Comparison operations
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```mir
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%dst = icmp <op> %lhs, %rhs
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```
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Effect: pure
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4. **Phi** - SSA phi node
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```mir
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%dst = phi [%bb1: %val1], [%bb2: %val2], ...
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```
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Effect: pure
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5. **Call** - Function and intrinsic calls
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```mir
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%dst = call <func>(%arg1, %arg2, ...)
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call <func>(%arg1, %arg2, ...)
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```
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Effect: context-dependent
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### Tier-0: Control Flow (3)
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6. **Branch** - Conditional branch
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```mir
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br %cond, label %then, label %else
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```
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Effect: control
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7. **Jump** - Unconditional jump
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```mir
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br label %target
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```
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Effect: control
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8. **Return** - Return from function
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```mir
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ret %value
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ret void
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```
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Effect: control
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### Tier-1: Box Operations (5)
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9. **NewBox** - Create new Box instance
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```mir
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%dst = new <BoxType>(%arg1, %arg2, ...)
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```
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Effect: mut
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10. **BoxFieldLoad** - Load field from Box
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```mir
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%dst = %box.field
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```
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Effect: pure
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11. **BoxFieldStore** - Store field to Box
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```mir
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%box.field = %value
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```
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Effect: mut
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12. **BoxCall** - Call Box method
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```mir
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%dst = call %box.method(%arg1, %arg2, ...)
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```
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Effect: context-dependent
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**重要な識別方法：**
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- BoxCall形式: `call %値.メソッド名(引数)` - 値（%7など）に対してメソッドを直接呼ぶ
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- 通常のCall形式: `call %関数値(%me, 引数)` - 関数値を呼び、第1引数にmeを渡す
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例：
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```mir
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; BoxCall（プラグイン/ビルトインBoxのメソッド）
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%17 = call %7.open(%14, %16)
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%22 = call %7.write(%21)
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; 通常のCall（ユーザー定義Boxのメソッド）
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%func = const "UserBox.method/2"
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%result = call %func(%me, %arg1)
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```
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13. **ExternCall** - Call external function
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```mir
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%dst = extern_call "interface.method"(%arg1, %arg2, ...)
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```
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Effect: context-dependent
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### Tier-1: Reference Operations (6)
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14. **RefGet** - Get reference target
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```mir
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%dst = ref_get %reference
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```
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Effect: pure
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15. **RefSet** - Set reference target
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```mir
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ref_set %reference -> %new_target
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```
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Effect: mut
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16. **WeakNew** - Create weak reference
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```mir
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%dst = weak_new %box
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```
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Effect: pure
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17. **WeakLoad** - Load from weak reference
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```mir
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%dst = weak_load %weak_ref
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```
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Effect: pure
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18. **WeakCheck** - Check if weak reference is alive
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```mir
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%dst = weak_check %weak_ref
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```
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Effect: pure
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19. **Safepoint** - GC safepoint
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```mir
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safepoint
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```
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Effect: io
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### Tier-2: Advanced Operations (7)
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20. **Send** - Send message via Bus
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```mir
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send %data -> %target
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```
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Effect: io
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21. **Recv** - Receive message from Bus
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```mir
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%dst = recv %source
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```
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Effect: io
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22. **TailCall** - Tail call optimization
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```mir
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tail_call %func(%arg1, %arg2, ...)
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```
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Effect: control
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23. **Adopt** - Adopt ownership
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```mir
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adopt %parent <- %child
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```
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Effect: mut
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24. **Release** - Release ownership
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```mir
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release %reference
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```
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Effect: mut
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25. **MemCopy** - Optimized memory copy
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```mir
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memcpy %dst <- %src, %size
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```
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Effect: mut
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26. **AtomicFence** - Memory barrier
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```mir
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atomic_fence <ordering>
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```
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Effect: io
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## Deprecated Instructions (17)
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The following instructions have been removed from the specification:
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1. **UnaryOp** → Use `BinOp` (e.g., `not %x` → `%x xor true`)
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2. **Load** → Use `BoxFieldLoad`
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3. **Store** → Use `BoxFieldStore`
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4. **ArrayGet** → Use `BoxFieldLoad` or `Call @array_get`
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5. **ArraySet** → Use `BoxFieldStore` or `Call @array_set`
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6. **Print** → Use `Call @print`
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7. **Debug** → Use `Call @debug`
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8. **TypeCheck** → Use `Call @type_check`
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9. **Cast** → Use `Call @cast`
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10. **Throw** → Use `Call @throw`
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11. **Catch** → Use `Call @catch`
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12. **Copy** → Optimization pass only
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13. **Nop** → Not needed
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14. **RefNew** → References handled implicitly
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15. **BarrierRead** → Use `AtomicFence`
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16. **BarrierWrite** → Use `AtomicFence`
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17. **FutureNew/FutureSet/Await** → Use `NewBox` + `BoxCall`
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## Intrinsic Functions
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Standard intrinsic functions available via `Call` instruction:
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- `@print(value)` - Print value to console
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- `@debug(value, message)` - Debug output
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- `@type_check(value, type)` - Runtime type check
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- `@cast(value, type)` - Type cast
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- `@throw(exception)` - Throw exception
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- `@catch(type, handler)` - Set exception handler
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- `@array_get(array, index)` - Array element access
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- `@array_set(array, index, value)` - Array element update
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- `@unary_neg(value)` - Unary negation
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- `@unary_not(value)` - Logical not
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## Effect System
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Each instruction has an associated effect mask:
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- **pure** - No side effects, can be reordered/eliminated
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- **mut** - Mutates memory, order-dependent
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- **io** - I/O operations, cannot be eliminated
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- **control** - Control flow, affects program execution path
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## Migration Guide
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### UnaryOp Migration
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```mir
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// Before
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%dst = neg %x
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%dst = not %x
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// After
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%dst = binop sub 0, %x
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%dst = binop xor %x, true
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```
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### Load/Store Migration
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```mir
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// Before
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%value = load %ptr
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store %value -> %ptr
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// After
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%value = %box.field
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%box.field = %value
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```
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### Print Migration
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```mir
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// Before
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print %value
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// After
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call @print(%value)
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```
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### Future Operations Migration
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```mir
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// Before
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%future = future_new %value
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future_set %future = %result
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%result = await %future
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// After
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%future = new FutureBox(%value)
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call %future.set(%result)
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%result = call %future.await()
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```
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## Implementation Status
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- ✅ Phase 1: New instruction definitions
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- ✅ Phase 2: Frontend migration (AST→MIR generation)
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- ✅ Phase 3: Optimization pass migration
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- ✅ Phase 4: Backend implementation (VM/WASM)
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- ✅ Phase 5-1: Deprecated instruction marking
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- ✅ Phase 5-2: Backend rejection of deprecated instructions
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- ✅ Phase 5-3: Frontend stops generating deprecated instructions
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- 🔄 Phase 5-4: Test and documentation updates (in progress)
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- 📋 Phase 5-5: Final verification and cleanup
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---
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*Last updated: 2025-08-17* |