//! Phase 231: Expression Lowering with Unified Scope Management
//!
//! This module provides a pilot implementation of expression lowering that uses
//! ScopeManager for variable resolution. It's a thin wrapper around existing
//! condition_lowerer logic, focusing on API unification rather than reimplementation.
//!
//! ## Design Philosophy
//!
//! **Box-First**: ExprLowerer is a "box" that encapsulates expression lowering
//! logic with clean boundaries: takes AST + ScopeManager, returns ValueId + instructions.
//!
//! **Incremental Adoption**: Phase 231 starts with Condition context only.
//! Future phases will expand to support General expressions (method calls, etc.).
//!
//! **Fail-Safe**: Unsupported AST nodes return explicit errors, allowing callers
//! to fall back to legacy paths.

use crate::ast::{ASTNode, BinaryOperator, UnaryOperator};
use crate::mir::ValueId;
use crate::mir::join_ir::{JoinInst, MirLikeInst, BinOpKind, UnaryOp as JoinUnaryOp};
use crate::mir::builder::MirBuilder;
use super::scope_manager::ScopeManager;
use super::condition_lowerer::lower_condition_to_joinir;
use super::condition_env::ConditionEnv;

/// Phase 231: Expression lowering context
///
/// Defines the context in which an expression is being lowered, which affects
/// what AST nodes are supported and how they're translated.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ExprContext {
    /// Loop condition expression (limited subset: comparisons, logical ops)
    Condition,

    /// General expression (future: method calls, box ops, etc.)
    #[allow(dead_code)] // Phase 231: Not yet implemented
    General,
}

/// Phase 231: Expression lowering error
///
/// Explicit error types allow callers to handle different failure modes
/// (e.g., fall back to legacy path for unsupported nodes).
#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum ExprLoweringError {
    /// AST node type not supported in this context
    UnsupportedNode(String),

    /// Variable not found in any scope
    VariableNotFound(String),

    /// Type error during lowering (e.g., non-boolean in condition)
    TypeError(String),

    /// Internal lowering error (from condition_lowerer)
    LoweringError(String),
}

impl std::fmt::Display for ExprLoweringError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        match self {
            ExprLoweringError::UnsupportedNode(msg) => write!(f, "Unsupported node: {}", msg),
            ExprLoweringError::VariableNotFound(name) => write!(f, "Variable not found: {}", name),
            ExprLoweringError::TypeError(msg) => write!(f, "Type error: {}", msg),
            ExprLoweringError::LoweringError(msg) => write!(f, "Lowering error: {}", msg),
        }
    }
}

/// Phase 231: Expression lowerer (pilot implementation)
///
/// This struct provides a unified interface for lowering AST expressions to
/// JoinIR instructions, using ScopeManager for variable resolution.
///
/// ## Current Scope (Phase 231)
///
/// - **Context**: Condition only (loop/break conditions)
/// - **Supported**: Literals, variables, comparisons (<, >, ==, !=, <=, >=), logical ops (and, or, not)
/// - **Not Supported**: Method calls, NewBox, complex expressions
///
/// ## Usage Pattern
///
/// ```ignore
/// let scope = Pattern2ScopeManager { ... };
/// let mut expr_lowerer = ExprLowerer::new(&scope, ExprContext::Condition, builder);
///
/// match expr_lowerer.lower(&break_condition_ast) {
///     Ok(value_id) => {
///         // Use value_id in JoinIR
///     }
///     Err(ExprLoweringError::UnsupportedNode(_)) => {
///         // Fall back to legacy condition_to_joinir path
///     }
///     Err(e) => {
///         // Handle other errors (variable not found, etc.)
///     }
/// }
/// ```
pub struct ExprLowerer<'env, 'builder, S: ScopeManager> {
    /// Scope manager for variable resolution
    scope: &'env S,

    /// Expression context (Condition vs General)
    context: ExprContext,

    /// MIR builder (for ValueId allocation, not used in Phase 231)
    #[allow(dead_code)] // Phase 231: Reserved for future use
    builder: &'builder mut MirBuilder,

    /// Debug flag (inherited from caller)
    debug: bool,

    /// Last lowered instruction sequence (for testing/inspection)
    ///
    /// Phase 235: Tests can inspect this to assert that appropriate Compare / BinOp / Not
    /// instructions are emitted for supported patterns. Productionコードからは未使用。
    last_instructions: Vec<JoinInst>,
}

impl<'env, 'builder, S: ScopeManager> ExprLowerer<'env, 'builder, S> {
    /// Create a new expression lowerer
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    ///
    /// * `scope` - ScopeManager for variable resolution
    /// * `context` - Expression context (Condition or General)
    /// * `builder` - MIR builder (for future use)
    pub fn new(scope: &'env S, context: ExprContext, builder: &'builder mut MirBuilder) -> Self {
        Self {
            scope,
            context,
            builder,
            debug: false,
            last_instructions: Vec::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Enable debug output
    pub fn with_debug(mut self, debug: bool) -> Self {
        self.debug = debug;
        self
    }

    /// Take the last lowered instruction sequence (mainly for tests)
    ///
    /// Phase 235: This allows unit tests to validate that Compare / BinOp / Not
    /// instructions are present without影響を与えずに ExprLowerer の外から観察できる。
    pub fn take_last_instructions(&mut self) -> Vec<JoinInst> {
        std::mem::take(&mut self.last_instructions)
    }

    /// Lower an expression to JoinIR ValueId
    ///
    /// Phase 231: This is the main entry point. Currently delegates to
    /// lower_condition for Condition context.
    ///
    /// # Returns
    ///
    /// * `Ok(ValueId)` - Expression result ValueId
    /// * `Err(ExprLoweringError)` - Lowering failed (caller can fall back to legacy)
    pub fn lower(&mut self, ast: &ASTNode) -> Result<ValueId, ExprLoweringError> {
        match self.context {
            ExprContext::Condition => self.lower_condition(ast),
            ExprContext::General => {
                Err(ExprLoweringError::UnsupportedNode(
                    "General expression context not yet implemented (Phase 231)".to_string()
                ))
            }
        }
    }

    /// Lower a condition expression to JoinIR ValueId
    ///
    /// Phase 231: Thin wrapper around condition_lowerer. The main innovation
    /// is using ScopeManager for variable resolution instead of direct ConditionEnv.
    ///
    /// # Returns
    ///
    /// * `Ok(ValueId)` - Condition result ValueId (boolean)
    /// * `Err(ExprLoweringError)` - Lowering failed
    fn lower_condition(&mut self, ast: &ASTNode) -> Result<ValueId, ExprLoweringError> {
        // 1. Check if AST is supported in condition context
        if !Self::is_supported_condition(ast) {
            return Err(ExprLoweringError::UnsupportedNode(
                format!("Unsupported condition node: {:?}", ast)
            ));
        }

        // 2. Build ConditionEnv from ScopeManager
        // This is the key integration point: we translate ScopeManager's view
        // into the ConditionEnv format expected by condition_lowerer.
        let condition_env = self.build_condition_env_from_scope(ast)?;

        // 3. Delegate to existing condition_lowerer
        // Phase 231: We use the existing, well-tested lowering logic.
        let mut value_counter = 1000u32; // Phase 231: Start high to avoid collisions
        let mut alloc_value = || {
            let id = ValueId(value_counter);
            value_counter += 1;
            id
        };

        let (result_value, instructions) = lower_condition_to_joinir(
            ast,
            &mut alloc_value,
            &condition_env,
        ).map_err(|e| ExprLoweringError::LoweringError(e))?;

        // Phase 235: 保存しておき、テストから観察できるようにする
        self.last_instructions = instructions;

        if self.debug {
            eprintln!("[expr_lowerer/phase231] Lowered condition → ValueId({:?})", result_value);
        }

        Ok(result_value)
    }

    /// Build ConditionEnv from ScopeManager
    ///
    /// This method extracts all variables referenced in the AST and resolves
    /// them through ScopeManager, building a ConditionEnv for condition_lowerer.
    fn build_condition_env_from_scope(&self, ast: &ASTNode) -> Result<ConditionEnv, ExprLoweringError> {
        let mut env = ConditionEnv::new();

        // Extract all variable names from the AST
        let var_names = Self::extract_variable_names(ast);

        // Resolve each variable through ScopeManager
        for name in var_names {
            if let Some(value_id) = self.scope.lookup(&name) {
                env.insert(name.clone(), value_id);
            } else {
                return Err(ExprLoweringError::VariableNotFound(name));
            }
        }

        Ok(env)
    }

    /// Extract all variable names from an AST node (recursively)
    fn extract_variable_names(ast: &ASTNode) -> Vec<String> {
        let mut names = Vec::new();
        Self::extract_variable_names_recursive(ast, &mut names);
        names.sort();
        names.dedup();
        names
    }

    /// Recursive helper for variable name extraction
    fn extract_variable_names_recursive(ast: &ASTNode, names: &mut Vec<String>) {
        match ast {
            ASTNode::Variable { name, .. } => {
                names.push(name.clone());
            }
            ASTNode::BinaryOp { left, right, .. } => {
                Self::extract_variable_names_recursive(left, names);
                Self::extract_variable_names_recursive(right, names);
            }
            ASTNode::UnaryOp { operand, .. } => {
                Self::extract_variable_names_recursive(operand, names);
            }
            // Phase 231: Only support simple expressions
            _ => {}
        }
    }

    /// Check if an AST node is supported in condition context
    ///
    /// Phase 231: Conservative whitelist. We only support patterns we know work.
    fn is_supported_condition(ast: &ASTNode) -> bool {
        match ast {
            // Literals: Integer, Bool
            ASTNode::Literal { .. } => true,

            // Variables
            ASTNode::Variable { .. } => true,

            // Comparison operators
            ASTNode::BinaryOp { operator, left, right, .. } => {
                let op_supported = matches!(
                    operator,
                    BinaryOperator::Less
                    | BinaryOperator::Greater
                    | BinaryOperator::Equal
                    | BinaryOperator::NotEqual
                    | BinaryOperator::LessEqual
                    | BinaryOperator::GreaterEqual
                    | BinaryOperator::And
                    | BinaryOperator::Or
                );

                op_supported
                    && Self::is_supported_condition(left)
                    && Self::is_supported_condition(right)
            }

            // Unary operators (not)
            ASTNode::UnaryOp { operator, operand, .. } => {
                matches!(operator, UnaryOperator::Not)
                    && Self::is_supported_condition(operand)
            }

            // Everything else is unsupported
            _ => false,
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::ast::{Span, LiteralValue};
    use crate::mir::join_ir::lowering::scope_manager::Pattern2ScopeManager;
    use crate::mir::join_ir::lowering::condition_env::ConditionEnv;
    use crate::mir::join_ir::lowering::carrier_info::CarrierInfo;

    // Helper to create a test MirBuilder (Phase 231: minimal stub)
    fn create_test_builder() -> MirBuilder {
        MirBuilder::new()
    }

    fn span() -> Span {
        Span::unknown()
    }

    fn var(name: &str) -> ASTNode {
        ASTNode::Variable {
            name: name.to_string(),
            span: span(),
        }
    }

    fn lit_i(value: i64) -> ASTNode {
        ASTNode::Literal {
            value: LiteralValue::Integer(value),
            span: span(),
        }
    }

    fn bin(op: BinaryOperator, left: ASTNode, right: ASTNode) -> ASTNode {
        ASTNode::BinaryOp {
            operator: op,
            left: Box::new(left),
            right: Box::new(right),
            span: span(),
        }
    }

    fn not(expr: ASTNode) -> ASTNode {
        ASTNode::UnaryOp {
            operator: UnaryOperator::Not,
            operand: Box::new(expr),
            span: span(),
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_expr_lowerer_simple_comparison() {
        let mut condition_env = ConditionEnv::new();
        condition_env.insert("i".to_string(), ValueId(100));

        let carrier_info = CarrierInfo {
            loop_var_name: "i".to_string(),
            loop_var_id: ValueId(1),
            carriers: vec![],
            trim_helper: None,
            promoted_loopbodylocals: vec![],
        };

        let scope = Pattern2ScopeManager {
            condition_env: &condition_env,
            loop_body_local_env: None,
            captured_env: None,
            carrier_info: &carrier_info,
        };

        let mut builder = create_test_builder();

        // AST: i < 10
        let ast = ASTNode::BinaryOp {
            operator: BinaryOperator::Less,
            left: Box::new(ASTNode::Variable {
                name: "i".to_string(),
                span: Span::unknown(),
            }),
            right: Box::new(ASTNode::Literal {
                value: LiteralValue::Integer(10),
                span: Span::unknown(),
            }),
            span: Span::unknown(),
        };

        let mut expr_lowerer = ExprLowerer::new(&scope, ExprContext::Condition, &mut builder);
        let result = expr_lowerer.lower(&ast);

        assert!(result.is_ok(), "Should lower simple comparison successfully");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_expr_lowerer_variable_not_found() {
        let condition_env = ConditionEnv::new();

        let carrier_info = CarrierInfo {
            loop_var_name: "i".to_string(),
            loop_var_id: ValueId(1),
            carriers: vec![],
            trim_helper: None,
            promoted_loopbodylocals: vec![],
        };

        let scope = Pattern2ScopeManager {
            condition_env: &condition_env,
            loop_body_local_env: None,
            captured_env: None,
            carrier_info: &carrier_info,
        };

        let mut builder = create_test_builder();

        // AST: unknown_var < 10
        let ast = ASTNode::BinaryOp {
            operator: BinaryOperator::Less,
            left: Box::new(ASTNode::Variable {
                name: "unknown_var".to_string(),
                span: Span::unknown(),
            }),
            right: Box::new(ASTNode::Literal {
                value: LiteralValue::Integer(10),
                span: Span::unknown(),
            }),
            span: Span::unknown(),
        };

        let mut expr_lowerer = ExprLowerer::new(&scope, ExprContext::Condition, &mut builder);
        let result = expr_lowerer.lower(&ast);

        assert!(matches!(result, Err(ExprLoweringError::VariableNotFound(_))));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_expr_lowerer_unsupported_node() {
        let condition_env = ConditionEnv::new();

        let carrier_info = CarrierInfo {
            loop_var_name: "i".to_string(),
            loop_var_id: ValueId(1),
            carriers: vec![],
            trim_helper: None,
            promoted_loopbodylocals: vec![],
        };

        let scope = Pattern2ScopeManager {
            condition_env: &condition_env,
            loop_body_local_env: None,
            captured_env: None,
            carrier_info: &carrier_info,
        };

        let mut builder = create_test_builder();

        // AST: MethodCall (unsupported in condition context)
        let ast = ASTNode::MethodCall {
            object: Box::new(ASTNode::Variable {
                name: "s".to_string(),
                span: Span::unknown(),
            }),
            method: "length".to_string(),
            arguments: vec![],
            span: Span::unknown(),
        };

        let mut expr_lowerer = ExprLowerer::new(&scope, ExprContext::Condition, &mut builder);
        let result = expr_lowerer.lower(&ast);

        assert!(matches!(result, Err(ExprLoweringError::UnsupportedNode(_))));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_is_supported_condition() {
        // Supported: i < 10
        let ast = ASTNode::BinaryOp {
            operator: BinaryOperator::Less,
            left: Box::new(ASTNode::Variable {
                name: "i".to_string(),
                span: Span::unknown(),
            }),
            right: Box::new(ASTNode::Literal {
                value: LiteralValue::Integer(10),
                span: Span::unknown(),
            }),
            span: Span::unknown(),
        };
        assert!(ExprLowerer::<Pattern2ScopeManager>::is_supported_condition(&ast));

        // Unsupported: MethodCall
        let ast = ASTNode::MethodCall {
            object: Box::new(ASTNode::Variable {
                name: "s".to_string(),
                span: Span::unknown(),
            }),
            method: "length".to_string(),
            arguments: vec![],
            span: Span::unknown(),
        };
        assert!(!ExprLowerer::<Pattern2ScopeManager>::is_supported_condition(&ast));
    }

    // Phase 235: Additional patterns for condition lowering

    fn make_basic_scope() -> Pattern2ScopeManager<'static> {
        // NOTE: we leak these small envs for the duration of the test to satisfy lifetimes simply.
        // テスト専用なので許容する。
        let mut condition_env = ConditionEnv::new();
        condition_env.insert("i".to_string(), ValueId(1));
        condition_env.insert("j".to_string(), ValueId(2));

        let boxed_env: Box<ConditionEnv> = Box::new(condition_env);
        let condition_env_ref: &'static ConditionEnv = Box::leak(boxed_env);

        let carrier_info = CarrierInfo {
            loop_var_name: "i".to_string(),
            loop_var_id: ValueId(1),
            carriers: vec![],
            trim_helper: None,
            promoted_loopbodylocals: vec![],
        };
        let boxed_carrier: Box<CarrierInfo> = Box::new(carrier_info);
        let carrier_ref: &'static CarrierInfo = Box::leak(boxed_carrier);

        Pattern2ScopeManager {
            condition_env: condition_env_ref,
            loop_body_local_env: None,
            captured_env: None,
            carrier_info: carrier_ref,
        }
    }

    fn assert_has_compare(instructions: &[JoinInst]) {
        assert!(
            instructions.iter().any(|inst| matches!(
                inst,
                JoinInst::Compute(MirLikeInst::Compare { .. }
            ))),
            "Expected at least one Compare instruction, got {:?}",
            instructions
        );
    }

    fn assert_has_binop(instructions: &[JoinInst], op: BinOpKind) {
        assert!(
            instructions.iter().any(|inst| matches!(
                inst,
                JoinInst::Compute(MirLikeInst::BinOp { op: o, .. } ) if *o == op
            )),
            "Expected at least one BinOp {:?}, got {:?}",
            op,
            instructions
        );
    }

    fn assert_has_not(instructions: &[JoinInst]) {
        assert!(
            instructions.iter().any(|inst| matches!(
                inst,
                JoinInst::Compute(MirLikeInst::UnaryOp { op: JoinUnaryOp::Not, .. }
            ))),
            "Expected at least one UnaryOp::Not, got {:?}",
            instructions
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_expr_lowerer_var_less_literal_generates_compare() {
        let scope = make_basic_scope();
        let mut builder = create_test_builder();

        // i < 10
        let ast = bin(BinaryOperator::Less, var("i"), lit_i(10));

        let mut expr_lowerer = ExprLowerer::new(&scope, ExprContext::Condition, &mut builder);
        let result = expr_lowerer.lower(&ast);
        assert!(result.is_ok(), "i < 10 should lower successfully");

        let instructions = expr_lowerer.take_last_instructions();
        assert!(!instructions.is_empty(), "instructions should not be empty");
        assert_has_compare(&instructions);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_expr_lowerer_literal_less_var_generates_compare() {
        let scope = make_basic_scope();
        let mut builder = create_test_builder();

        // 0 < i
        let ast = bin(BinaryOperator::Less, lit_i(0), var("i"));

        let mut expr_lowerer = ExprLowerer::new(&scope, ExprContext::Condition, &mut builder);
        let result = expr_lowerer.lower(&ast);
        assert!(result.is_ok(), "0 < i should lower successfully");

        let instructions = expr_lowerer.take_last_instructions();
        assert!(!instructions.is_empty(), "instructions should not be empty");
        assert_has_compare(&instructions);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_expr_lowerer_greater_than_between_vars() {
        let scope = make_basic_scope();
        let mut builder = create_test_builder();

        // i > j
        let ast = bin(BinaryOperator::Greater, var("i"), var("j"));

        let mut expr_lowerer = ExprLowerer::new(&scope, ExprContext::Condition, &mut builder);
        let result = expr_lowerer.lower(&ast);
        assert!(result.is_ok(), "i > j should lower successfully");

        let instructions = expr_lowerer.take_last_instructions();
        assert!(!instructions.is_empty(), "instructions should not be empty");
        assert_has_compare(&instructions);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_expr_lowerer_and_combination() {
        let scope = make_basic_scope();
        let mut builder = create_test_builder();

        // i > 0 && j < 5
        let left = bin(BinaryOperator::Greater, var("i"), lit_i(0));
        let right = bin(BinaryOperator::Less, var("j"), lit_i(5));
        let ast = bin(BinaryOperator::And, left, right);

        let mut expr_lowerer = ExprLowerer::new(&scope, ExprContext::Condition, &mut builder);
        let result = expr_lowerer.lower(&ast);
        assert!(result.is_ok(), "i > 0 && j < 5 should lower successfully");

        let instructions = expr_lowerer.take_last_instructions();
        assert!(!instructions.is_empty(), "instructions should not be empty");
        assert_has_compare(&instructions);
        assert_has_binop(&instructions, BinOpKind::And);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_expr_lowerer_not_of_comparison() {
        let scope = make_basic_scope();
        let mut builder = create_test_builder();

        // !(i < 10)
        let inner = bin(BinaryOperator::Less, var("i"), lit_i(10));
        let ast = not(inner);

        let mut expr_lowerer = ExprLowerer::new(&scope, ExprContext::Condition, &mut builder);
        let result = expr_lowerer.lower(&ast);
        assert!(result.is_ok(), "!(i < 10) should lower successfully");

        let instructions = expr_lowerer.take_last_instructions();
        assert!(!instructions.is_empty(), "instructions should not be empty");
        assert_has_compare(&instructions);
        assert_has_not(&instructions);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_expr_lowerer_pattern2_break_digit_pos_less_zero_generates_compare() {
        let mut condition_env = ConditionEnv::new();
        condition_env.insert("digit_pos".to_string(), ValueId(10));

        let carrier_info = CarrierInfo {
            loop_var_name: "i".to_string(),
            loop_var_id: ValueId(1),
            carriers: vec![],
            trim_helper: None,
            promoted_loopbodylocals: vec![],
        };

        let scope = Pattern2ScopeManager {
            condition_env: &condition_env,
            loop_body_local_env: None,
            captured_env: None,
            carrier_info: &carrier_info,
        };

        let mut builder = create_test_builder();

        // digit_pos < 0
        let ast = bin(BinaryOperator::Less, var("digit_pos"), lit_i(0));
        assert!(
            ExprLowerer::<Pattern2ScopeManager>::is_supported_condition(&ast),
            "digit_pos < 0 should be supported in Pattern2 break condition"
        );

        let mut expr_lowerer = ExprLowerer::new(&scope, ExprContext::Condition, &mut builder);
        let result = expr_lowerer.lower(&ast);
        assert!(result.is_ok(), "digit_pos < 0 should lower successfully");

        let instructions = expr_lowerer.take_last_instructions();
        assert!(
            !instructions.is_empty(),
            "instructions for digit_pos < 0 should not be empty"
        );
        assert_has_compare(&instructions);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_expr_lowerer_pattern2_break_methodcall_is_unsupported() {
        let scope = make_basic_scope();
        let mut builder = create_test_builder();

        // s.length() (MethodCall) is not supported for Pattern2 break condition
        let ast = ASTNode::MethodCall {
            object: Box::new(var("s")),
            method: "length".to_string(),
            arguments: vec![],
            span: span(),
        };

        assert!(
            !ExprLowerer::<Pattern2ScopeManager>::is_supported_condition(&ast),
            "MethodCall should be rejected for Pattern2 break condition"
        );

        let mut expr_lowerer = ExprLowerer::new(&scope, ExprContext::Condition, &mut builder);
        let result = expr_lowerer.lower(&ast);

        assert!(
            matches!(result, Err(ExprLoweringError::UnsupportedNode(_))),
            "MethodCall should fail-fast with UnsupportedNode"
        );
    }
}