diff --git a/lang/src/vm/README.md b/lang/src/vm/README.md
index 396999b1..a8dcf361 100644
--- a/lang/src/vm/README.md
+++ b/lang/src/vm/README.md
@@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ Diagnostics (stable tags)
   - `[core/mir_call] map set missing key|bad key|missing value|bad value`
   - `[core/mir_call] map get missing key|bad key`
   - `[core/mir_call] unsupported callee type: Closure`
+  - `[map/missing] Key not found: <key>`（VM MapBox.get の既定タグ。従来文言を含むため後方互換）
+  - `[array/empty/pop] empty array`（VM ArrayBox.pop 空時。strict環境（HAKO_OOB_STRICT=1）で有効）
 - Gate‑C Direct では、リーダー/検証レイヤの診断をそのまま用いる（例: `unsupported callee type (expected Extern): ModuleFunction`）。
 
 Strict OOB policy (Gate‑C)
diff --git a/src/backend/mir_interpreter/handlers/boxes_array.rs b/src/backend/mir_interpreter/handlers/boxes_array.rs
index 5b61027c..33490993 100644
--- a/src/backend/mir_interpreter/handlers/boxes_array.rs
+++ b/src/backend/mir_interpreter/handlers/boxes_array.rs
@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ pub(super) fn try_handle_array_box(
                     if let Some(d) = dst { this.regs.insert(d, VMValue::Void); }
                     return Ok(true);
                 }
+                "pop" => {
+                    if !args.is_empty() { return Err(VMError::InvalidInstruction("pop expects 0 args".into())); }
+                    let ret = ab.pop();
+                    if let Some(d) = dst { this.regs.insert(d, VMValue::from_nyash_box(ret)); }
+                    return Ok(true);
+                }
                 "len" | "length" | "size" => {
                     let ret = ab.length();
                     if let Some(d) = dst { this.regs.insert(d, VMValue::from_nyash_box(ret)); }
diff --git a/src/boxes/array/mod.rs b/src/boxes/array/mod.rs
index 01063f19..49d6bad5 100644
--- a/src/boxes/array/mod.rs
+++ b/src/boxes/array/mod.rs
@@ -39,7 +39,21 @@ impl ArrayBox {
     pub fn pop(&self) -> Box<dyn NyashBox> {
         match self.items.write().unwrap().pop() {
             Some(item) => item,
-            None => Box::new(crate::boxes::null_box::NullBox::new()),
+            None => {
+                let strict = std::env::var("HAKO_OOB_STRICT")
+                    .ok()
+                    .map(|v| matches!(v.as_str(), "1"|"true"|"on"))
+                    .unwrap_or(false)
+                    || std::env::var("NYASH_OOB_STRICT")
+                        .ok()
+                        .map(|v| matches!(v.as_str(), "1"|"true"|"on"))
+                        .unwrap_or(false);
+                if strict {
+                    Box::new(StringBox::new("[array/empty/pop] empty array"))
+                } else {
+                    Box::new(crate::boxes::null_box::NullBox::new())
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/tools/smokes/v2/profiles/quick/core/array/array_empty_pop_tag_vm.sh b/tools/smokes/v2/profiles/quick/core/array/array_empty_pop_tag_vm.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..53956549
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/smokes/v2/profiles/quick/core/array/array_empty_pop_tag_vm.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# array_empty_pop_tag_vm.sh — Array.pop on empty array emits [array/empty/pop] under strict
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+if ROOT_GIT=$(git -C "$SCRIPT_DIR" rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null); then
+  ROOT="$ROOT_GIT"
+else
+  ROOT="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/../../../../../../../../.." && pwd)"
+fi
+source "$ROOT/tools/smokes/v2/lib/test_runner.sh"
+require_env || exit 2
+
+code='static box Main { main() { local a=[]; print(a.pop()); return 0 } }'
+out=$(HAKO_OOB_STRICT=1 NYASH_OOB_STRICT=1 run_nyash_vm -c "$code")
+if echo "$out" | grep -q "\[array/empty/pop\]"; then
+  echo "[PASS] array_empty_pop_tag_vm"
+  exit 0
+else
+  echo "[FAIL] array_empty_pop_tag_vm" >&2
+  echo "--- output ---" >&2
+  echo "$out" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
diff --git a/tools/smokes/v2/profiles/quick/core/bridge/canonicalize_static_lower_const_on_off_vm.sh b/tools/smokes/v2/profiles/quick/core/bridge/canonicalize_static_lower_const_on_off_vm.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7a7e0f5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/smokes/v2/profiles/quick/core/bridge/canonicalize_static_lower_const_on_off_vm.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# canonicalize_static_lower_const_on_off_vm.sh — Verify LLVMConstInstructionBox.lower_const rewrite
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+if ROOT_GIT=$(git -C "$SCRIPT_DIR" rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null); then
+  ROOT="$ROOT_GIT"
+else
+  ROOT="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/../../../../../../../../.." && pwd)"
+fi
+source "$ROOT/tools/smokes/v2/lib/test_runner.sh"
+require_env || exit 2
+
+json_path="/tmp/ny_v1_lower_const_$$.json"
+mut_on="/tmp/ny_v1_lower_const_on_$$.json"
+mut_off="/tmp/ny_v1_lower_const_off_$$.json"
+
+cat >"$json_path" <<'JSON'
+{"schema_version":"1.0","functions":[{"name":"main","blocks":[{"id":0,"instructions":[{"op":"mir_call","mir_call":{"callee":{"type":"ModuleFunction","name":"LLVMConstInstructionBox.lower_const"},"args":[1]}},{"op":"ret"}]}]}]}
+JSON
+
+set +e
+HAKO_NYVM_V1_DOWNCONVERT=1 HAKO_BRIDGE_INJECT_SINGLETON=1 HAKO_DEBUG_NYVM_BRIDGE_DUMP_MUT="$mut_on" \
+  "$ROOT/target/release/nyash" --json-file "$json_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
+set -e || true
+if [ ! -f "$mut_on" ] || ! grep -q '"type":"Method"' "$mut_on" || ! grep -q '"box_name":"LLVMConstInstructionBox"' "$mut_on" || ! grep -q '"method":"lower_const"' "$mut_on"; then
+  echo "[FAIL] canonicalize_static_lower_const_on_off_vm (ON)" >&2; exit 1
+fi
+
+set +e
+HAKO_NYVM_V1_DOWNCONVERT=1 HAKO_DEBUG_NYVM_BRIDGE_DUMP_MUT="$mut_off" \
+  "$ROOT/target/release/nyash" --json-file "$json_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
+set -e || true
+if [ -f "$mut_off" ] && ! grep -q '"type":"ModuleFunction"' "$mut_off"; then
+  echo "[FAIL] canonicalize_static_lower_const_on_off_vm (OFF)" >&2; exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "[PASS] canonicalize_static_lower_const_on_off_vm"
+rm -f "$json_path" "$mut_on" "$mut_off"
+exit 0
+
diff --git a/tools/smokes/v2/profiles/quick/core/bridge/canonicalize_static_lower_phi_on_off_vm.sh b/tools/smokes/v2/profiles/quick/core/bridge/canonicalize_static_lower_phi_on_off_vm.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..85d67324
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/smokes/v2/profiles/quick/core/bridge/canonicalize_static_lower_phi_on_off_vm.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# canonicalize_static_lower_phi_on_off_vm.sh — Verify PhiInst.lower_phi rewrite (ModuleFunction → Method)
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+if ROOT_GIT=$(git -C "$SCRIPT_DIR" rev-parse --show-toplevel 2>/dev/null); then
+  ROOT="$ROOT_GIT"
+else
+  ROOT="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/../../../../../../../../.." && pwd)"
+fi
+source "$ROOT/tools/smokes/v2/lib/test_runner.sh"
+require_env || exit 2
+
+json_path="/tmp/ny_v1_lower_phi_$$.json"
+mut_on="/tmp/ny_v1_lower_phi_on_$$.json"
+mut_off="/tmp/ny_v1_lower_phi_off_$$.json"
+
+cat >"$json_path" <<'JSON'
+{"schema_version":"1.0","functions":[{"name":"main","blocks":[{"id":0,"instructions":[{"op":"mir_call","mir_call":{"callee":{"type":"ModuleFunction","name":"PhiInst.lower_phi"},"args":[1]}},{"op":"ret"}]}]}]}
+JSON
+
+set +e
+HAKO_NYVM_V1_DOWNCONVERT=1 HAKO_BRIDGE_INJECT_SINGLETON=1 HAKO_DEBUG_NYVM_BRIDGE_DUMP_MUT="$mut_on" \
+  "$ROOT/target/release/nyash" --json-file "$json_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
+set -e || true
+if [ ! -f "$mut_on" ] || ! grep -q '"type":"Method"' "$mut_on" || ! grep -q '"box_name":"PhiInst"' "$mut_on" || ! grep -q '"method":"lower_phi"' "$mut_on"; then
+  echo "[FAIL] canonicalize_static_lower_phi_on_off_vm (ON)" >&2; exit 1
+fi
+
+set +e
+HAKO_NYVM_V1_DOWNCONVERT=1 HAKO_DEBUG_NYVM_BRIDGE_DUMP_MUT="$mut_off" \
+  "$ROOT/target/release/nyash" --json-file "$json_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
+set -e || true
+if [ -f "$mut_off" ] && ! grep -q '"type":"ModuleFunction"' "$mut_off"; then
+  echo "[FAIL] canonicalize_static_lower_phi_on_off_vm (OFF)" >&2; exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "[PASS] canonicalize_static_lower_phi_on_off_vm"
+rm -f "$json_path" "$mut_on" "$mut_off"
+exit 0
+