pyvm: split op handlers into ops_core/ops_box/ops_ctrl; add ops_flow + intrinsic; delegate vm.py without behavior change

net-plugin: modularize constants (consts.rs) and sockets (sockets.rs); remove legacy commented socket code; fix unused imports
mir: move instruction unit tests to tests/mir_instruction_unit.rs (file lean-up); no semantic changes
runner/pyvm: ensure using pre-strip; misc docs updates

Build: cargo build ok; legacy cfg warnings remain as before

tools/pyvm_runner.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 Nyash PyVM runner (scaffold)
 
 Usage:
-  - python3 tools/pyvm_runner.py --in mir.json [--entry Main.main]
+  - python3 tools/pyvm_runner.py --in mir.json [--entry Main.main] [--args-env NYASH_SCRIPT_ARGS_JSON]
 
 Executes MIR(JSON) using a tiny Python interpreter for a minimal opcode set:
   - const/binop/compare/branch/jump/ret
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ def main():
     ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     ap.add_argument("--in", dest="infile", required=True, help="MIR JSON input")
     ap.add_argument("--entry", dest="entry", default="Main.main", help="Entry function (default Main.main)")
+    ap.add_argument("--args-env", dest="args_env", default="NYASH_SCRIPT_ARGS_JSON", help="Env var containing JSON array of argv to pass to entry")
     args = ap.parse_args()
 
     with open(args.infile, "r") as f:
@@ -51,7 +52,19 @@ def main():
         elif "Main.main" in fun_names:
             entry = "Main.main"
 
-    result = vm.run(entry)
+    # Load argv if present
+    argv: list[str] = []
+    if args.args_env:
+        js = os.environ.get(args.args_env)
+        if js:
+            try:
+                arr = json.loads(js)
+                if isinstance(arr, list):
+                    argv = [str(x) if x is not None else "" for x in arr]
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+    result = vm.run_args(entry, argv) if argv else vm.run(entry)
     # Exit code convention: integers propagate; bool -> 0/1; else 0
     code = 0
     if isinstance(result, bool):

tools/test/golden/macro/env_tag_string_ctx_json_user_macro_golden.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/strings/env_tag_demo.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_MACRO_ENABLE=1
+export NYASH_MACRO_PATHS="apps/macros/examples/env_tag_string_macro.nyash"
+# Do NOT set NYASH_MACRO_CAP_ENV; pass via ctx JSON instead
+unset NYASH_MACRO_CAP_ENV || true
+
+raw=$("$bin" --dump-expanded-ast-json "$src")
+export NYASH_MACRO_CTX_JSON='{"caps":{"io":false,"net":false,"env":true}}'
+out=$(printf '%s' "$raw" | "$bin" --macro-expand-child apps/macros/examples/env_tag_string_macro.nyash)
+echo "$out" | rg -q '"value":"hello \[ENV\]"' && echo "[OK] env-tag macro applied via ctx JSON" && exit 0
+echo "[FAIL] env-tag macro did not apply (ctx JSON path)" >&2
+echo "$out" >&2
+exit 2
+

tools/test/golden/macro/env_tag_string_user_macro_golden.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/strings/env_tag_demo.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_MACRO_ENABLE=1
+export NYASH_MACRO_PATHS="apps/macros/examples/env_tag_string_macro.nyash"
+export NYASH_MACRO_CAP_ENV=1
+
+raw=$("$bin" --dump-expanded-ast-json "$src")
+out=$(printf '%s' "$raw" | "$bin" --macro-expand-child apps/macros/examples/env_tag_string_macro.nyash)
+echo "$out" | rg -q '"value":"hello \[ENV\]"' && echo "[OK] env-tag macro applied" && exit 0
+echo "[FAIL] env-tag macro did not apply" >&2
+echo "$out" >&2
+exit 2

tools/test/golden/macro/for_step2.expanded.json

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{"kind":"Program","statements":[
+  {"kind":"Local","variables":["i"],"inits":[{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":0}}]},
+  {"kind":"Loop","condition":{"kind":"BinaryOp","op":"<=","left":{"kind":"Variable","name":"i"},"right":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":4}}},"body":[
+    {"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Variable","name":"i"}},
+    {"kind":"Assignment","target":{"kind":"Variable","name":"i"},"value":{"kind":"BinaryOp","op":"+","left":{"kind":"Variable","name":"i"},"right":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":2}}}}
+  ]}
+]}
+

tools/test/golden/macro/for_step2_user_macro_golden.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/loopform/for_step2.nyash"
+golden="$root/tools/test/golden/macro/for_step2.expanded.json"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+normalize_json() { python3 -c 'import sys,json; print(json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":")))'; }
+
+out_raw=$("$bin" --dump-expanded-ast-json "$src")
+out_norm=$(printf '%s' "$out_raw" | normalize_json)
+gold_norm=$(normalize_json < "$golden")
+
+if [ "$out_norm" != "$gold_norm" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] for_step2 expanded JSON mismatch" >&2
+  diff -u <(echo "$out_norm") <(echo "$gold_norm") || true
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+echo "[OK] golden for_step2 expansion matched"
+

tools/test/golden/macro/foreach_empty.expanded.json

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{"kind":"Program","statements":[
+  {"kind":"Local","variables":["arr"],"inits":[{"kind":"Array","elements":[]}]},
+  {"kind":"Local","variables":["__ny_i"],"inits":[{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":0}}]},
+  {"kind":"Loop","condition":{"kind":"BinaryOp","op":"<","left":{"kind":"Variable","name":"__ny_i"},"right":{"kind":"MethodCall","object":{"kind":"Variable","name":"arr"},"method":"size","arguments":[]}},"body":[
+    {"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"MethodCall","object":{"kind":"Variable","name":"arr"},"method":"get","arguments":[{"kind":"Variable","name":"__ny_i"}]}},
+    {"kind":"Assignment","target":{"kind":"Variable","name":"__ny_i"},"value":{"kind":"BinaryOp","op":"+","left":{"kind":"Variable","name":"__ny_i"},"right":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":1}}}}
+  ]}
+]}
+

tools/test/golden/macro/foreach_empty_user_macro_golden.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/loopform/foreach_empty.nyash"
+golden="$root/tools/test/golden/macro/foreach_empty.expanded.json"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+normalize_json() { python3 -c 'import sys,json; print(json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":")))'; }
+
+out_raw=$("$bin" --dump-expanded-ast-json "$src")
+out_norm=$(printf '%s' "$out_raw" | normalize_json)
+gold_norm=$(normalize_json < "$golden")
+
+if [ "$out_norm" != "$gold_norm" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] foreach_empty expanded JSON mismatch" >&2
+  diff -u <(echo "$out_norm") <(echo "$gold_norm") || true
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+echo "[OK] golden foreach_empty expansion matched"
+

tools/test/golden/macro/if_else_loopform.expanded.json

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{"kind":"Program","statements":[
+  {"kind":"FunctionDeclaration","name":"main","params":["args"],"body":[
+    {"kind":"Local","variables":["x"],"inits":[null]},
+    {"kind":"Local","variables":["c"],"inits":[{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":0}}]},
+    {"kind":"Loop","condition":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":1}},"body":[
+      {"kind":"If","condition":{"kind":"BinaryOp","op":"==","left":{"kind":"Variable","name":"c"},"right":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":1}}},
+       "then":[{"kind":"Assignment","target":{"kind":"Variable","name":"x"},"value":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":10}}}],
+       "else":[{"kind":"Assignment","target":{"kind":"Variable","name":"x"},"value":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":20}}}]
+      },
+      {"kind":"Break"}
+    ]},
+    {"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Variable","name":"x"}}
+  ]}
+]}
+

tools/test/golden/macro/if_else_loopform_user_macro_golden.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/if/with_else.nyash"
+golden="$root/tools/test/golden/macro/if_else_loopform.expanded.json"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+normalize_json() { python3 -c 'import sys,json; print(json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":")))'; }
+
+export NYASH_IF_AS_LOOPFORM=1
+out_raw=$("$bin" --dump-expanded-ast-json "$src")
+out_norm=$(printf '%s' "$out_raw" | normalize_json)
+gold_norm=$(normalize_json < "$golden")
+
+if [ "$out_norm" != "$gold_norm" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] if_else_loopform expanded JSON mismatch" >&2
+  diff -u <(echo "$out_norm") <(echo "$gold_norm") || true
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+echo "[OK] golden if_else_loopform expansion matched"
+

tools/test/golden/macro/if_then_loopform.expanded.json

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{"kind":"Program","statements":[
+  {"kind":"FunctionDeclaration","name":"main","params":["args"],"body":[
+    {"kind":"Local","variables":["x"],"inits":[{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":0}}]},
+    {"kind":"Loop","condition":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":1}},"body":[
+      {"kind":"If","condition":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":1}},
+       "then":[
+         {"kind":"Assignment","target":{"kind":"Variable","name":"x"},"value":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":42}}},
+         {"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Variable","name":"x"}}
+       ],
+       "else": null
+      },
+      {"kind":"Break"}
+    ]}
+  ]}
+]}

tools/test/golden/macro/if_then_loopform_user_macro_golden.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/if/then_only.nyash"
+golden="$root/tools/test/golden/macro/if_then_loopform.expanded.json"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+normalize_json() { python3 -c 'import sys,json; print(json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":")))'; }
+
+export NYASH_IF_AS_LOOPFORM=1
+out_raw=$("$bin" --dump-expanded-ast-json "$src")
+out_norm=$(printf '%s' "$out_raw" | normalize_json)
+gold_norm=$(normalize_json < "$golden")
+
+if [ "$out_norm" != "$gold_norm" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] if_then_loopform expanded JSON mismatch" >&2
+  diff -u <(echo "$out_norm") <(echo "$gold_norm") || true
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+echo "[OK] golden if_then_loopform expansion matched"
+

tools/test/golden/macro/loop_postfix_sugar.expanded.json

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{"kind":"Program","statements":[
+  {"kind":"FunctionDeclaration","name":"f","params":["x"],"body":[{"kind":"Return","value":{"kind":"Variable","name":"x"}}]},
+  {"kind":"FunctionDeclaration","name":"main","params":["args"],"body":[
+    {"kind":"Local","variables":["i"],"inits":[{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":0}}]},
+    {"kind":"Loop","condition":{"kind":"BinaryOp","op":"<","left":{"kind":"Variable","name":"i"},"right":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":2}}},"body":[
+      {"kind":"TryCatch",
+        "try":[{"kind":"FunctionCall","name":"f","arguments":[{"kind":"Variable","name":"i"}]}],
+        "catch":[{"type":"Error","var":"e","body":[{"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Variable","name":"e"}}]}],
+        "cleanup":[{"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"string","value":"cleanup"}}}]
+      },
+      {"kind":"Assignment","target":{"kind":"Variable","name":"i"},"value":{"kind":"BinaryOp","op":"+","left":{"kind":"Variable","name":"i"},"right":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":1}}}}
+    ]}
+  ]}
+]}
+

tools/test/golden/macro/loop_postfix_sugar_user_macro_golden.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/exception/loop_postfix_sugar.nyash"
+golden="$root/tools/test/golden/macro/loop_postfix_sugar.expanded.json"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+normalize_json() { python3 -c 'import sys,json; print(json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":")))'; }
+
+export NYASH_CATCH_NEW=1
+out_raw=$("$bin" --dump-expanded-ast-json "$src")
+out_norm=$(printf '%s' "$out_raw" | normalize_json)
+gold_norm=$(normalize_json < "$golden")
+
+if [ "$out_norm" != "$gold_norm" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] loop_postfix_sugar expanded JSON mismatch" >&2
+  diff -u <(echo "$out_norm") <(echo "$gold_norm") || true
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+echo "[OK] golden loop_postfix_sugar expansion matched"
+

tools/test/golden/macro/match_literal_three_arms.expanded.json

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{"kind":"Program","statements":[
+  {"kind":"Local","variables":["d"],"inits":[{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":3}}]},
+  {"kind":"Local","variables":["r"],"inits":[
+    {"kind":"If","condition":{"kind":"BinaryOp","op":"==","left":{"kind":"Variable","name":"d"},"right":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":1}}},"then":[
+      {"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":10}}
+    ],"else":[
+      {"kind":"If","condition":{"kind":"BinaryOp","op":"==","left":{"kind":"Variable","name":"d"},"right":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":2}}},"then":[
+        {"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":20}}
+      ],"else":[
+        {"kind":"If","condition":{"kind":"BinaryOp","op":"==","left":{"kind":"Variable","name":"d"},"right":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":3}}},"then":[
+          {"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":30}}
+        ],"else":[
+          {"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":40}}
+        ]}
+      ]}
+    ]}
+  ]},
+  {"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Variable","name":"r"}}
+]}

tools/test/golden/macro/match_literal_three_arms_user_macro_golden.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/match/literal_three_arms.nyash"
+golden="$root/tools/test/golden/macro/match_literal_three_arms.expanded.json"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_MACRO_ENABLE=1
+
+normalize_json() {
+  python3 -c 'import sys,json; print(json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(",",":")))'
+}
+
+out_raw=$("$bin" --dump-expanded-ast-json "$src")
+out_norm=$(printf '%s' "$out_raw" | normalize_json)
+gold_norm=$(normalize_json < "$golden")
+
+if [ "$out_norm" != "$gold_norm" ]; then
+  echo "Golden mismatch (match literal three arms)" >&2
+  diff -u <(echo "$out_norm") <(echo "$gold_norm") || true
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+echo "[OK] golden match literal three arms matched"
+

tools/test/golden/macro/postfix_catch.expanded.json

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{"kind":"Program","statements":[
+  {"kind":"FunctionDeclaration","name":"do_work","params":["args"],"body":[{"kind":"Return","value":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":0}}}]},
+  {"kind":"FunctionDeclaration","name":"main","params":["args"],"body":[
+    {"kind":"TryCatch",
+      "try":[{"kind":"FunctionCall","name":"do_work","arguments":[{"kind":"Variable","name":"args"}]}],
+      "catch":[{"type":"Error","var":"e","body":[{"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Variable","name":"e"}}]}],
+      "cleanup":null}
+  ]}
+]}
+

tools/test/golden/macro/postfix_catch_method.expanded.json

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+{"kind":"Program","statements":[
+  {"kind":"BoxDeclaration","name":"Worker","methods":{
+    "run": {"kind":"FunctionDeclaration","name":"run","params":[],"body":[{"kind":"Return","value":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":0}}}],"static":false,"override":false}
+  }},
+  {"kind":"FunctionDeclaration","name":"main","params":["args"],"body":[
+    {"kind":"Local","variables":["w"],"inits":[{"kind":"New","class":"Worker","args":[]}]},
+    {"kind":"TryCatch",
+      "try":[{"kind":"MethodCall","object":{"kind":"Variable","name":"w"},"method":"run","arguments":[]}],
+      "catch":[{"type":"Error","var":"e","body":[{"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Variable","name":"e"}}]}],
+      "cleanup":null}
+  ]}
+]}
+

tools/test/golden/macro/postfix_catch_method_user_macro_golden.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/exception/postfix_catch_method.nyash"
+golden="$root/tools/test/golden/macro/postfix_catch_method.expanded.json"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+normalize_json() { python3 -c 'import sys,json; print(json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":")))'; }
+
+export NYASH_CATCH_NEW=1
+out_raw=$("$bin" --dump-expanded-ast-json "$src")
+out_norm=$(printf '%s' "$out_raw" | normalize_json)
+gold_norm=$(normalize_json < "$golden")
+
+if [ "$out_norm" != "$gold_norm" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] postfix_catch_method expanded JSON mismatch" >&2
+  diff -u <(echo "$out_norm") <(echo "$gold_norm") || true
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+echo "[OK] golden postfix_catch_method expansion matched"
+

tools/test/golden/macro/postfix_catch_user_macro_golden.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/exception/postfix_catch.nyash"
+golden="$root/tools/test/golden/macro/postfix_catch.expanded.json"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+normalize_json() { python3 -c 'import sys,json; print(json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":")))'; }
+
+export NYASH_CATCH_NEW=1
+out_raw=$("$bin" --dump-expanded-ast-json "$src")
+out_norm=$(printf '%s' "$out_raw" | normalize_json)
+gold_norm=$(normalize_json < "$golden")
+
+if [ "$out_norm" != "$gold_norm" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] postfix_catch expanded JSON mismatch" >&2
+  diff -u <(echo "$out_norm") <(echo "$gold_norm") || true
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+echo "[OK] golden postfix_catch expansion matched"
+

tools/test/golden/macro/with_cleanup.expanded.json

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{"kind":"Program","statements":[
+  {"kind":"FunctionDeclaration","name":"cleanup_target","params":["args"],"body":[{"kind":"Return","value":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":1}}}]},
+  {"kind":"FunctionDeclaration","name":"main","params":["args"],"body":[
+    {"kind":"TryCatch",
+      "try":[{"kind":"FunctionCall","name":"cleanup_target","arguments":[{"kind":"Variable","name":"args"}]}],
+      "catch":[],
+      "cleanup":[{"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"string","value":"done"}}}]
+    }
+  ]}
+]}
+

tools/test/golden/macro/with_cleanup_user_macro_golden.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/exception/with_cleanup.nyash"
+golden="$root/tools/test/golden/macro/with_cleanup.expanded.json"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+normalize_json() { python3 -c 'import sys,json; print(json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":")))'; }
+
+export NYASH_CATCH_NEW=1
+out_raw=$("$bin" --dump-expanded-ast-json "$src")
+out_norm=$(printf '%s' "$out_raw" | normalize_json)
+gold_norm=$(normalize_json < "$golden")
+
+if [ "$out_norm" != "$gold_norm" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] with_cleanup expanded JSON mismatch" >&2
+  diff -u <(echo "$out_norm") <(echo "$gold_norm") || true
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+echo "[OK] golden with_cleanup expansion matched"
+

tools/test/smoke/llvm/ir_phi_hygiene_const_ret.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/llvm_const_ret.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release --features llvm)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_LLVM_USE_HARNESS=1
+export NYASH_LLVM_SANITIZE_EMPTY_PHI=1
+
+irfile="$root/tmp/$(basename "$src" .nyash)_llvm.ll"
+mkdir -p "$root/tmp"
+NYASH_LLVM_DUMP_IR="$irfile" "$bin" --backend llvm "$src" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+
+if [ ! -s "$irfile" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] IR not dumped for $src" >&2
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+# No empty phi nodes in IR
+empty_cnt=$( (rg -n "\bphi\b" "$irfile" || true) | (rg -v "\[" || true) | wc -l | tr -d ' ' )
+if [ "${empty_cnt:-0}" != "0" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] Empty PHI detected in $irfile" >&2
+  rg -n "\bphi\b" "$irfile" | rg -v "\[" || true
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+echo "[OK] LLVM PHI hygiene (const ret) passed"
+exit 0
+

tools/test/smoke/llvm/ir_phi_hygiene_if_phi_ret.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/llvm_if_phi_ret.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release --features llvm)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_LLVM_USE_HARNESS=1
+export NYASH_LLVM_SANITIZE_EMPTY_PHI=1
+
+irfile="$root/tmp/$(basename "$src" .nyash)_llvm.ll"
+mkdir -p "$root/tmp"
+NYASH_LLVM_DUMP_IR="$irfile" "$bin" --backend llvm "$src" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+
+if [ ! -s "$irfile" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] IR not dumped for $src" >&2
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+# No empty phi nodes in IR
+empty_cnt=$( (rg -n "\bphi\b" "$irfile" || true) | (rg -v "\[" || true) | wc -l | tr -d ' ' )
+if [ "${empty_cnt:-0}" != "0" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] Empty PHI detected in $irfile" >&2
+  rg -n "\bphi\b" "$irfile" | rg -v "\[" || true
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+echo "[OK] LLVM PHI hygiene (if phi ret) passed"
+exit 0
+

tools/test/smoke/llvm/ir_phi_hygiene_min_if.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/llvm_phi_if_min.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release --features llvm)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_LLVM_USE_HARNESS=1
+export NYASH_LLVM_SANITIZE_EMPTY_PHI=1
+
+irfile="$root/tmp/$(basename "$src" .nyash)_llvm.ll"
+mkdir -p "$root/tmp"
+NYASH_LLVM_DUMP_IR="$irfile" "$bin" --backend llvm "$src" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+
+if [ ! -s "$irfile" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] IR not dumped for $src" >&2
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+# No empty phi nodes in IR
+empty_cnt=$( (rg -n "\bphi\b" "$irfile" || true) | (rg -v "\[" || true) | wc -l | tr -d ' ' )
+if [ "${empty_cnt:-0}" != "0" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] Empty PHI detected in $irfile" >&2
+  rg -n "\bphi\b" "$irfile" | rg -v "\[" || true
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+echo "[OK] LLVM PHI hygiene (min if) passed"
+exit 0
+

tools/test/smoke/macro/expr_postfix_catch_cleanup_output_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_PARSER_STAGE3=1
+
+src="apps/tests/macro/exception/expr_postfix_direct.nyash"
+out=$("$bin" --backend vm "$root/$src" 2>/dev/null)
+count=$(printf "%s" "$out" | rg -n "^cleanup$" | wc -l | tr -d ' ')
+test "$count" = "2" || { echo "[FAIL] expected 2 cleanup prints, got $count" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] direct postfix catch/cleanup output passed"
+exit 0
+

tools/test/smoke/macro/expr_postfix_chain_parse_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_PARSER_STAGE3=1
+
+tmp="$root/tmp/expr_postfix_chain_tmp.nyash"
+cat > "$tmp" <<'SRC'
+function main(args) {
+  obj.m1().m2() catch { print("ok") }
+}
+SRC
+
+# Expect parse success and run-time exit 0
+"$bin" --backend vm "$tmp" >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo "[OK] postfix chain parse passed" && exit 0
+echo "[FAIL] postfix chain parse failed" >&2
+exit 2
+

tools/test/smoke/macro/for_step2_output_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/loopform/for_step2.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+out=$("$bin" --backend vm "$src" 2>/dev/null || true)
+# 0,2,4 が出力されることを簡易確認
+echo "$out" | rg -q "^0$" && echo "$out" | rg -q "^2$" && echo "$out" | rg -q "^4$" && { echo "[OK] for_step2 output"; exit 0; }
+echo "[FAIL] for_step2 output mismatch" >&2
+echo "$out" >&2
+exit 2
+

tools/test/smoke/macro/foreach_empty_output_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/loopform/foreach_empty.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+out=$("$bin" --backend vm "$src" 2>/dev/null || true)
+# 空配列なので出力なし（空行も不可）
+if [ -z "${out//$'\n'/}" ]; then
+  echo "[OK] foreach_empty output (no lines)"; exit 0
+fi
+echo "[FAIL] foreach_empty produced output unexpectedly" >&2
+echo "$out" >&2
+exit 2
+

tools/test/smoke/macro/loop_nested_block_break_output_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/../../../.." && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+prog="$root/apps/tests/macro/loopform/nested_block_break.nyash"
+
+out=$("$bin" --backend vm "$prog")
+# Expect lines 0,1,2 then break
+expected=$'0\n1\n2'
+if [ "$out" != "$expected" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] nested_block_break output mismatch" >&2
+  echo "got:" >&2
+  echo "$out" >&2
+  exit 2
+fi
+echo "[OK] nested_block_break output matched"
+

tools/test/smoke/macro/loop_nested_if_ctrl_output_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+# nested_if_continue: expect 1,3,5
+out_c=$("$bin" --backend vm apps/tests/macro/loopform/nested_if_continue.nyash)
+exp_c=$'1\n3\n5'
+if [ "$(printf '%s' "$out_c" | tr -d '\r')" != "$(printf '%s' "$exp_c")" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] nested_if_continue output mismatch" >&2
+  echo "--- got ---" >&2; printf '%s\n' "$out_c" >&2
+  echo "--- exp ---" >&2; printf '%s\n' "$exp_c" >&2
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+# nested_if_break: expect 0,1,2
+out_b=$("$bin" --backend vm apps/tests/macro/loopform/nested_if_break.nyash)
+exp_b=$'0\n1\n2'
+if [ "$(printf '%s' "$out_b" | tr -d '\r')" != "$(printf '%s' "$exp_b")" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] nested_if_break output mismatch" >&2
+  echo "--- got ---" >&2; printf '%s\n' "$out_b" >&2
+  echo "--- exp ---" >&2; printf '%s\n' "$exp_b" >&2
+  exit 3
+fi
+
+echo "[OK] loop nested-if break/continue outputs matched"
+exit 0
+

tools/test/smoke/macro/loop_postfix_catch_cleanup_output_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/exception/loop_postfix_sugar.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_CATCH_NEW=1
+out=$("$bin" --backend vm "$src" 2>/dev/null || true)
+exp=$'cleanup\ncleanup'
+if [ "$(printf '%s' "$out" | tr -d '\r')" != "$(printf '%s' "$exp")" ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] loop_postfix_sugar produced unexpected output" >&2
+  echo "--- got ---" >&2; printf '%s\n' "$out" >&2
+  echo "--- exp ---" >&2; printf '%s\n' "$exp" >&2
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+echo "[OK] loop_postfix_catch_cleanup output matched"
+exit 0
+

tools/test/smoke/macro/macro_ctx_json_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/strings/env_tag_demo.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_MACRO_ENABLE=1
+export NYASH_MACRO_PATHS="apps/macros/examples/env_tag_string_macro.nyash"
+unset NYASH_MACRO_CAP_ENV || true
+
+raw=$("$bin" --dump-expanded-ast-json "$root/$src")
+export NYASH_MACRO_CTX_JSON='{"caps":{"io":false,"net":false,"env":true}}'
+out=$(printf '%s' "$raw" | "$bin" --macro-expand-child apps/macros/examples/env_tag_string_macro.nyash)
+echo "$out" | rg -q '"value":"hello \[ENV\]"' && { echo "[OK] macro ctx json smoke"; exit 0; }
+echo "[FAIL] macro ctx json smoke (no tag)" >&2
+echo "$out" >&2
+exit 2
+

tools/test/smoke/macro/match_literal_basic_output_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/match/literal_basic.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+out=$("$bin" --backend vm "$root/$src" 2>/dev/null)
+test "$out" = "20" || { echo "[FAIL] expected 20, got '$out'" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] match literal_basic output passed"
+exit 0
+

tools/test/smoke/macro/match_literal_three_arms_output_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/match/literal_three_arms.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+out=$("$bin" --backend vm "$root/$src" 2>/dev/null)
+test "$out" = "30" || { echo "[FAIL] expected 30, got '$out'" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] match literal_three_arms output passed"
+exit 0
+

tools/test/smoke/macro/string_indexof_output_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/strings/index_of_demo.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+out=$("$bin" --backend vm "$root/$src" 2>/dev/null)
+test "$out" = "6" || { echo "[FAIL] expected 6, got '$out'" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] string indexOf output passed"
+exit 0
+

tools/test/smoke/mir/hints_join_result_three_vars_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/if/assign_three_vars.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_MIR_TRACE_HINTS=1
+out=$({ "$bin" --backend vm "$src"; } 2>&1 || true)
+echo "$out" | rg -q "\[mir\]\[hint\] JoinResult\(a\)" || { echo "[FAIL] missing JoinResult(a)" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "$out" | rg -q "\[mir\]\[hint\] JoinResult\(b\)" || { echo "[FAIL] missing JoinResult(b)" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "$out" | rg -q "\[mir\]\[hint\] JoinResult\(c\)" || { echo "[FAIL] missing JoinResult(c)" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] MIR hints JoinResult for three vars"
+exit 0
+

tools/test/smoke/mir/hints_join_result_two_vars_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/if/assign_two_vars.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_MIR_TRACE_HINTS=1
+out=$({ "$bin" --backend vm "$src"; } 2>&1 || true)
+echo "$out" | rg -q "\[mir\]\[hint\] JoinResult\(x\)" || { echo "[FAIL] missing JoinResult(x)" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "$out" | rg -q "\[mir\]\[hint\] JoinResult\(y\)" || { echo "[FAIL] missing JoinResult(y)" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] MIR hints JoinResult for two vars"
+exit 0
+

tools/test/smoke/mir/hints_jsonl_basic_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+out_jsonl="$root/tmp/mir_hints_basic.jsonl"
+rm -f "$out_jsonl"
+
+# Emit scope + join hints into JSONL file (no stderr noise)
+export NYASH_PARSER_STAGE3=1
+export NYASH_MIR_HINTS="jsonl=$out_jsonl|scope|join"
+
+# Run two small samples that exercise both kinds (errors are tolerated, we only need hints emission)
+"$bin" --backend vm "$root/apps/tests/macro/exception/expr_postfix_direct.nyash" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+"$bin" --backend vm "$root/apps/tests/macro/if/assign_both_branches.nyash" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+
+test -s "$out_jsonl" || { echo "[FAIL] hints jsonl not created" >&2; exit 2; }
+
+# Basic presence checks (don’t overfit exact ids)
+rg -q '"kind":"ScopeEnter"' "$out_jsonl" || { echo "[FAIL] ScopeEnter not found in jsonl" >&2; exit 2; }
+rg -q '"kind":"JoinResult"' "$out_jsonl" || { echo "[FAIL] JoinResult not found in jsonl" >&2; exit 2; }
+
+echo "[OK] MIR hints JSONL basic smoke passed ($out_jsonl)"
+exit 0
+

tools/test/smoke/mir/hints_scope_join_loop_trycatch_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_PARSER_STAGE3=1
+export NYASH_MIR_HINTS="trace|scope|join"
+
+src1="apps/tests/macro/exception/expr_postfix_direct.nyash"
+out=$({ "$bin" --backend vm "$root/$src1" 1>/dev/null; } 2>&1 || true)
+
+# Accept placeholder ids for now; assert presence only (exception scope)
+echo "$out" | rg -F -q "[mir][hint] ScopeEnter(" || { echo "[FAIL] missing ScopeEnter in try/catch/cleanup case" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+
+# Now check join on a basic if-assign case (existing sample)
+src2="apps/tests/macro/if/assign_both_branches.nyash"
+out2=$({ "$bin" --backend vm "$root/$src2" 1>/dev/null; } 2>&1 || true)
+echo "$out2" | rg -F -q "[mir][hint] JoinResult(" || { echo "[FAIL] missing JoinResult in simple if-assign case" >&2; echo "$out2" >&2; exit 2; }
+
+echo "[OK] MIR hints (scope+join) observed in loop+trycatch case"
+exit 0

tools/test/smoke/mir/hints_scope_loop_if_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_MIR_TRACE_HINTS=1
+
+# Case 1: loop body induces scope enter/leave and loop header/latch hints
+src1="apps/tests/macro/loopform/simple.nyash"
+out1=$({ "$bin" --backend vm "$src1" 1>/dev/null; } 2>&1 || true)
+echo "$out1" | rg -q "\[mir\]\[hint\] LoopHeader" || { echo "[FAIL] missing LoopHeader" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "$out1" | rg -q "\[mir\]\[hint\] LoopLatch" || { echo "[FAIL] missing LoopLatch" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "$out1" | rg -q "\[mir\]\[hint\] ScopeEnter\([1-9][0-9]*\)" || { echo "[FAIL] missing non-zero ScopeEnter for loop body" >&2; echo "$out1" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "$out1" | rg -q "\[mir\]\[hint\] ScopeLeave\([1-9][0-9]*\)" || { echo "[FAIL] missing non-zero ScopeLeave for loop body" >&2; echo "$out1" >&2; exit 2; }
+
+# Case 2: if branches induce scope enter/leave
+src2="apps/tests/macro/if/assign_two_vars.nyash"
+out2=$({ "$bin" --backend vm "$src2" 1>/dev/null; } 2>&1 || true)
+echo "$out2" | rg -q "\[mir\]\[hint\] ScopeEnter\([1-9][0-9]*\)" || { echo "[FAIL] missing non-zero ScopeEnter for if-branch" >&2; echo "$out2" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "$out2" | rg -q "\[mir\]\[hint\] ScopeLeave\([1-9][0-9]*\)" || { echo "[FAIL] missing non-zero ScopeLeave for if-branch" >&2; echo "$out2" >&2; exit 2; }
+
+echo "[OK] MIR scope hints for loop and if passed"
+exit 0
+

tools/test/smoke/mir/hints_scope_trycatch_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+# Enable Stage-3 for postfix catch/cleanup; enable MIR hint traces
+export NYASH_PARSER_STAGE3=1
+export NYASH_MIR_HINTS="trace|scope|join"
+
+src="apps/tests/macro/exception/expr_postfix_direct.nyash"
+out=$({ "$bin" --backend vm "$root/$src" 1>/dev/null; } 2>&1 || true)
+echo "$out" | rg -q "\[mir\]\[hint\] ScopeEnter\([1-9][0-9]*\)" || { echo "[FAIL] missing non-zero ScopeEnter for try/catch scope" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "$out" | rg -q "\[mir\]\[hint\] ScopeLeave\([1-9][0-9]*\)" || { echo "[FAIL] missing non-zero ScopeLeave for try/catch scope" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+
+echo "[OK] MIR scope hints with postfix try/catch/cleanup passed"
+exit 0
+

tools/test/smoke/mir/scopebox_enable_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="apps/tests/macro/if/assign_two_vars.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_SCOPEBOX_ENABLE=1
+out=$("$bin" --backend vm "$src" 2>/dev/null || true)
+# Expect two lines printed (x and y). Just check exit success and non-empty
+if [ -n "${out//$'\n'/}" ]; then
+  echo "[OK] ScopeBox enabled run produced output"; exit 0
+fi
+echo "[FAIL] ScopeBox enabled run produced no output" >&2
+exit 2
+

tools/test/smoke/parser/not_operator_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="$root/apps/tests/sugar/not_basic.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1
+export NYASH_ENTRY_ALLOW_TOPLEVEL_MAIN=1
+out=$("$bin" --backend vm "$src" 2>&1 | sed '/^\[entry\] Warning/d')
+# Expect lines: 1 then 0
+line1=$(printf '%s\n' "$out" | sed -n '1p')
+line2=$(printf '%s\n' "$out" | sed -n '2p')
+test "$line1" = "1" || { echo "[FAIL] not on 0 expected 1, got '$line1'" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+test "$line2" = "0" || { echo "[FAIL] not on 1 expected 0, got '$line2'" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] not-operator smoke passed"

tools/test/smoke/parser/semicolon_accept_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+prog="$root/apps/tests/parser/semicolon_basic.nyash"
+
+out=$(NYASH_PARSER_ALLOW_SEMICOLON=1 NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1 "$bin" --backend vm "$prog")
+expected=$'A\nB'
+test "$out" = "$expected" || { echo "[FAIL] semicolon_accept expected '$expected', got '$out'" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] semicolon_accept"
+

tools/test/smoke/parser/semicolon_else_edge_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="$root/apps/tests/parser/semicolon_else_edge.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_PARSER_ALLOW_SEMICOLON=1
+
+set +e
+err=$("$bin" --backend vm "$src" 2>&1 >/dev/null)
+code=$?
+set -e
+
+if [ "$code" -eq 0 ]; then
+  echo "[FAIL] parser accepted forbidden '} ; else' boundary"
+  exit 2
+fi
+echo "$err" | rg -qi 'parse error' || { echo "[FAIL] parser did not report parse error" >&2; echo "$err" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] parser semicolon else-edge smoke passed"
+

tools/test/smoke/pyvm/argv_inject_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+prog="$root/apps/tests/pyvm/argv_echo.nyash"
+
+out=$(NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1 "$bin" --backend vm "$prog" -- hello 2>/dev/null)
+test "$out" = "hello" || { echo "[FAIL] pyvm argv inject expected 'hello', got '$out'" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] pyvm argv inject"
+

tools/test/smoke/selfhost/mini_vm_if_branch.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+prog="$root/apps/selfhost-vm/mini_vm_if_branch.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+out=$(NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1 "$bin" --backend vm "$prog" 2>/dev/null)
+test "$out" = "10" || { echo "[FAIL] mini_vm_if_branch expected 10, got '$out'" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] mini_vm_if_branch"
+exit 0

tools/test/smoke/selfhost/mini_vm_if_literal_branch_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="$root/apps/selfhost-vm/mini_vm.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1
+export NYASH_MINIVM_READ_STDIN=1
+
+# cond=1 -> then prints "T" only
+json_then='{"kind":"Program","statements":[{"kind":"If","condition":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":1}},"then_body":[{"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"string","value":"T"}}}],"else_body":[{"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"string","value":"F"}}}]}]}'
+out=$(printf '%s' "$json_then" | "$bin" --backend vm "$src" 2>&1)
+echo "$out" | rg -qx 'T' || { echo "[FAIL] then branch did not print T only" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+
+# cond=0 -> else prints "F" only
+json_else='{"kind":"Program","statements":[{"kind":"If","condition":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":0}},"then_body":[{"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"string","value":"T"}}}],"else_body":[{"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"string","value":"F"}}}]}]}'
+out=$(printf '%s' "$json_else" | "$bin" --backend vm "$src" 2>&1)
+echo "$out" | rg -qx 'F' || { echo "[FAIL] else branch did not print F only" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+
+echo "[OK] mini-vm if literal branch smoke passed"
+

tools/test/smoke/selfhost/mini_vm_print_binop_compare_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="$root/apps/selfhost-vm/mini_vm.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1
+export NYASH_MINIVM_READ_STDIN=1
+
+# BinaryOp int + int → 46
+json1='{"kind":"Program","statements":[{"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"BinaryOp","operator":"+","left":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":12}},"right":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":34}}}}]}'
+out1=$(printf '%s' "$json1" | "$bin" --backend vm "$src" 2>&1)
+echo "$out1" | rg -qx '46' || { echo "[FAIL] BinaryOp int+int failed" >&2; echo "$out1" >&2; exit 2; }
+
+echo "[OK] mini-vm binop (int) smoke passed"

tools/test/smoke/selfhost/mini_vm_print_binop_int_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="$root/apps/selfhost-vm/mini_vm.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1
+# BinaryOp int + int → addition (12 + 34 = 46)
+export NYASH_MINIVM_READ_STDIN=1
+json='{"kind":"Program","statements":[{"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"BinaryOp","operator":"+","left":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":12}},"right":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":34}}}}]}'
+out=$(printf '%s' "$json" | NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1 "$bin" --backend vm "$src" 2>&1)
+echo "$out" | rg -qx '46' || { echo "[FAIL] BinaryOp int+int failed" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+
+echo "[OK] mini-vm binop int+int smoke passed"

tools/test/smoke/selfhost/mini_vm_print_compare_ops_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="$root/apps/selfhost-vm/mini_vm.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1
+export NYASH_MINIVM_READ_STDIN=1
+
+# Single comparison: 1 < 2 → 1
+json='{"kind":"Program","statements":[
+  {"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Compare","operation":"<","lhs":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":1}},"rhs":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":2}}}}
+]}'
+out=$(printf '%s' "$json" | "$bin" --backend vm "$src" 2>&1)
+echo "$out" | rg -qx '1' || { echo "[FAIL] Compare (<) failed" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+
+echo "[OK] mini-vm compare (<) smoke passed"

tools/test/smoke/selfhost/mini_vm_print_functioncall_json_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="$root/apps/selfhost-vm/mini_vm.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1
+export NYASH_MINIVM_READ_STDIN=1
+
+json='{"kind":"Program","statements":[
+  {"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"FunctionCall","name":"echo","arguments":[{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"string","value":"hello"}}]}},
+  {"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"FunctionCall","name":"itoa","arguments":[{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":123}}]}}
+]}'
+out=$(printf '%s' "$json" | "$bin" --backend vm "$src" 2>&1)
+echo "$out" | rg -q '^hello$' || { echo "[FAIL] line1 not hello" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "$out" | rg -q '^123$' || { echo "[FAIL] line2 not 123" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] mini-vm print functioncall literal smoke passed"
+

tools/test/smoke/selfhost/mini_vm_print_literal.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+prog="$root/apps/selfhost-vm/mini_vm.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+# Minimal AST JSON with a single print of int literal 42
+json='{"kind":"Program","statements":[{"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":42}}}]}'
+out=$(NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1 "$bin" --backend vm "$prog" -- "$json" 2>/dev/null)
+test "$out" = "42" || { echo "[FAIL] mini_vm_print_literal expected 42, got '$out'" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] mini_vm_print_literal"
+exit 0

tools/test/smoke/selfhost/mini_vm_print_multi_json_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="$root/apps/selfhost-vm/mini_vm.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1
+export NYASH_MINIVM_READ_STDIN=1
+
+json='{"kind":"Program","statements":[{"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"string","value":"hello"}}},{"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":123}}}]}'
+out=$(printf '%s' "$json" | "$bin" --backend vm "$src" 2>&1)
+echo "$out" | rg -q '^hello$' || { echo "[FAIL] line1 not hello" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "$out" | rg -q '^123$' || { echo "[FAIL] line2 not 123" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] mini-vm print multi literal smoke passed"
+

tools/test/smoke/selfhost/mini_vm_print_string_json_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="$root/apps/selfhost-vm/mini_vm.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1
+export NYASH_MINIVM_READ_STDIN=1
+
+json='{"kind":"Program","statements":[{"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"string","value":"hello"}}}]}'
+out=$(printf '%s' "$json" | "$bin" --backend vm "$src" 2>&1)
+echo "$out" | rg -q '^hello$' || { echo "[FAIL] mini-vm print string literal failed" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] mini-vm print string literal smoke passed"
+

tools/test/smoke/selfhost/mini_vm_stdin_loader_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="$root/apps/selfhost-vm/mini_vm.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1
+export NYASH_MINIVM_READ_STDIN=1
+
+json='{"kind":"Program","statements":[{"kind":"Print","expression":{"kind":"Literal","value":{"type":"int","value":123}}}]}'
+out=$(printf '%s' "$json" | "$bin" --backend vm "$src" 2>&1)
+echo "$out" | rg -q '^123$' || { echo "[FAIL] mini-vm stdin loader did not print 123" >&2; echo "$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] mini-vm stdin loader smoke passed"
+

tools/test/smoke/strings/byte_ascii_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="$root/apps/tests/strings/byte_ascii_demo.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1
+unset NYASH_MINIVM_READ_STDIN || true
+out=$("$bin" --backend vm "$src" 2>/dev/null)
+want=$(printf "15\n5\nworld\n")
+test "$out" = "$want" || { echo "[FAIL] byte ascii smoke: expected\\n$want\\ngot\\n$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] byte ascii smoke"

tools/test/smoke/strings/utf8_cp_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+root=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")"/../../../.. && pwd)
+bin="$root/target/release/nyash"
+src="$root/apps/tests/strings/utf8_cp_demo.nyash"
+
+if [ ! -x "$bin" ]; then
+  echo "nyash binary not found at $bin; build first (cargo build --release)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1
+unset NYASH_MINIVM_READ_STDIN || true
+out=$("$bin" --backend vm "$src" 2>/dev/null)
+want=$(printf "3\n1\n1\né𝄞\n")
+test "$out" = "$want" || { echo "[FAIL] utf8 cp smoke: expected\\n$want\\ngot\\n$out" >&2; exit 2; }
+echo "[OK] utf8 cp smoke"