diff --git a/src/runner.rs b/src/runner.rs
index 83ec0870..b2dae53e 100644
--- a/src/runner.rs
+++ b/src/runner.rs
@@ -412,133 +412,9 @@ impl NyashRunner {
         walk(ast, runtime);
     }
 
-    /// Execute WASM compilation mode
-    #[cfg(feature = "wasm-backend")]
-    fn execute_wasm_mode(&self, filename: &str) {
-        // Read the file
-        let code = match fs::read_to_string(filename) {
-            Ok(content) => content,
-            Err(e) => {
-                eprintln!("❌ Error reading file {}: {}", filename, e);
-                process::exit(1);
-            }
-        };
+    // execute_wasm_mode moved to runner::modes::wasm
 
-        // Parse to AST
-        let ast = match NyashParser::parse_from_string(&code) {
-            Ok(ast) => ast,
-            Err(e) => {
-                eprintln!("❌ Parse error: {}", e);
-                process::exit(1);
-            }
-        };
-
-        // Compile to MIR
-        let mut mir_compiler = MirCompiler::new();
-        let compile_result = match mir_compiler.compile(ast) {
-            Ok(result) => result,
-            Err(e) => {
-                eprintln!("❌ MIR compilation error: {}", e);
-                process::exit(1);
-            }
-        };
-
-        // Compile to WASM (Phase 9.77a fix: use compile_to_wat instead of compile_module)
-        let mut wasm_backend = WasmBackend::new();
-        let wat_text = match wasm_backend.compile_to_wat(compile_result.module) {
-            Ok(wat) => wat,
-            Err(e) => {
-                eprintln!("❌ WASM compilation error: {}", e);
-                process::exit(1);
-            }
-        };
-
-        // Determine output file
-        let output = self.config.output_file.as_deref()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                if filename.ends_with(".nyash") {
-                    filename.strip_suffix(".nyash").unwrap_or(filename)
-                } else {
-                    filename
-                }
-            });
-        let output_file = format!("{}.wat", output);
-
-        // Write WAT output (already a string)
-        let output_str = wat_text;
-        
-        match fs::write(&output_file, output_str) {
-            Ok(()) => {
-                println!("✅ WASM compilation successful!");
-                println!("Output written to: {}", output_file);
-            },
-            Err(e) => {
-                eprintln!("❌ Error writing WASM file {}: {}", output_file, e);
-                process::exit(1);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Execute AOT compilation mode
-    #[cfg(feature = "wasm-backend")]
-    fn execute_aot_mode(&self, filename: &str) {
-        // Read the file
-        let code = match fs::read_to_string(filename) {
-            Ok(content) => content,
-            Err(e) => {
-                eprintln!("❌ Error reading file {}: {}", filename, e);
-                process::exit(1);
-            }
-        };
-
-        // Parse to AST
-        let ast = match NyashParser::parse_from_string(&code) {
-            Ok(ast) => ast,
-            Err(e) => {
-                eprintln!("❌ Parse error: {}", e);
-                process::exit(1);
-            }
-        };
-
-        // Compile to MIR
-        let mut mir_compiler = MirCompiler::new();
-        let compile_result = match mir_compiler.compile(ast) {
-            Ok(result) => result,
-            Err(e) => {
-                eprintln!("❌ MIR compilation error: {}", e);
-                process::exit(1);
-            }
-        };
-
-        // Compile via AOT backend
-        let mut aot_backend = match AotBackend::new() {
-            Ok(backend) => backend,
-            Err(e) => {
-                eprintln!("❌ Failed to create AOT backend: {}", e);
-                process::exit(1);
-            }
-        };
-
-        let output = self.config.output_file.as_deref()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                if filename.ends_with(".nyash") {
-                    filename.strip_suffix(".nyash").unwrap_or(filename)
-                } else {
-                    filename
-                }
-            });
-
-        match aot_backend.compile_to_executable(compile_result.module, output) {
-            Ok(()) => {
-                println!("✅ AOT compilation successful!");
-                println!("Executable written to: {}", output);
-            },
-            Err(e) => {
-                eprintln!("❌ AOT compilation error: {}", e);
-                process::exit(1);
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    // execute_aot_mode moved to runner::modes::aot
 
     /// Execute LLVM mode
     fn execute_llvm_mode(&self, filename: &str) {
diff --git a/src/runner/modes/aot.rs b/src/runner/modes/aot.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c3acb03c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/runner/modes/aot.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use super::super::NyashRunner;
+#[cfg(feature = "wasm-backend")]
+use nyash_rust::{parser::NyashParser, mir::MirCompiler, backend::aot::AotBackend};
+#[cfg(feature = "wasm-backend")]
+use std::{fs, process};
+
+impl NyashRunner {
+    /// Execute AOT compilation mode (split)
+    #[cfg(feature = "wasm-backend")]
+    pub(crate) fn execute_aot_mode(&self, filename: &str) {
+        // Read the file
+        let code = match fs::read_to_string(filename) {
+            Ok(content) => content,
+            Err(e) => { eprintln!("❌ Error reading file {}: {}", filename, e); process::exit(1); }
+        };
+
+        // Parse to AST
+        let ast = match NyashParser::parse_from_string(&code) {
+            Ok(ast) => ast,
+            Err(e) => { eprintln!("❌ Parse error: {}", e); process::exit(1); }
+        };
+
+        // Compile to MIR
+        let mut mir_compiler = MirCompiler::new();
+        let compile_result = match mir_compiler.compile(ast) {
+            Ok(result) => result,
+            Err(e) => { eprintln!("❌ MIR compilation error: {}", e); process::exit(1); }
+        };
+
+        // Determine output file (no extension change)
+        let output = self.config.output_file.as_deref().unwrap_or(filename);
+
+        let mut aot_backend = AotBackend::new();
+        match aot_backend.compile_to_executable(compile_result.module, output) {
+            Ok(()) => { println!("✅ AOT compilation successful!\nExecutable written to: {}", output); },
+            Err(e) => { eprintln!("❌ AOT compilation error: {}", e); process::exit(1); }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/src/runner/modes/common.rs b/src/runner/modes/common.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01069404
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/runner/modes/common.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+use super::super::NyashRunner;
+use nyash_rust::{parser::NyashParser, interpreter::NyashInterpreter, box_factory::builtin::BuiltinGroups};
+use std::{fs, process};
+
+impl NyashRunner {
+    /// Execute Nyash file with interpreter (common helper)
+    pub(crate) fn execute_nyash_file(&self, filename: &str) {
+        // Read the file
+        let code = match fs::read_to_string(filename) {
+            Ok(content) => content,
+            Err(e) => { eprintln!("❌ Error reading file {}: {}", filename, e); process::exit(1); }
+        };
+
+        println!("📝 File contents:\n{}", code);
+        println!("\n🚀 Parsing and executing...\n");
+
+        // Parse the code with debug fuel limit
+        eprintln!("🔍 DEBUG: Starting parse with fuel: {:?}...", self.config.debug_fuel);
+        let ast = match NyashParser::parse_from_string_with_fuel(&code, self.config.debug_fuel) {
+            Ok(ast) => { eprintln!("🔍 DEBUG: Parse completed, AST created"); ast },
+            Err(e) => { eprintln!("❌ Parse error: {}", e); process::exit(1); }
+        };
+
+        println!("✅ Parse successful!");
+
+        // Execute the AST
+        let mut interpreter = NyashInterpreter::new_with_groups(BuiltinGroups::native_full());
+        eprintln!("🔍 DEBUG: Starting execution...");
+        match interpreter.execute(ast) {
+            Ok(result) => {
+                println!("✅ Execution completed successfully!");
+                println!("Result: {}", result.to_string_box().value);
+            },
+            Err(e) => {
+                eprintln!("❌ Runtime error:\n{}", e.detailed_message(Some(&code)));
+                process::exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/src/runner/modes/mod.rs b/src/runner/modes/mod.rs
index 93923b7e..9ec89aad 100644
--- a/src/runner/modes/mod.rs
+++ b/src/runner/modes/mod.rs
@@ -2,5 +2,8 @@ pub mod mir;
 pub mod vm;
 pub mod llvm;
 pub mod bench;
-// WASM/AOT modes remain in runner.rs for now (feature-gated)
-
+pub mod common;
+#[cfg(feature = "wasm-backend")]
+pub mod wasm;
+#[cfg(feature = "wasm-backend")]
+pub mod aot;
diff --git a/src/runner/modes/wasm.rs b/src/runner/modes/wasm.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d4a40863
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/runner/modes/wasm.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+use super::super::NyashRunner;
+#[cfg(feature = "wasm-backend")]
+use nyash_rust::{parser::NyashParser, mir::MirCompiler, backend::wasm::WasmBackend};
+#[cfg(feature = "wasm-backend")]
+use std::{fs, process};
+
+impl NyashRunner {
+    /// Execute WASM compilation mode (split)
+    #[cfg(feature = "wasm-backend")]
+    pub(crate) fn execute_wasm_mode(&self, filename: &str) {
+        // Read the file
+        let code = match fs::read_to_string(filename) {
+            Ok(content) => content,
+            Err(e) => { eprintln!("❌ Error reading file {}: {}", filename, e); process::exit(1); }
+        };
+
+        // Parse to AST
+        let ast = match NyashParser::parse_from_string(&code) {
+            Ok(ast) => ast,
+            Err(e) => { eprintln!("❌ Parse error: {}", e); process::exit(1); }
+        };
+
+        // Compile to MIR
+        let mut mir_compiler = MirCompiler::new();
+        let compile_result = match mir_compiler.compile(ast) {
+            Ok(result) => result,
+            Err(e) => { eprintln!("❌ MIR compilation error: {}", e); process::exit(1); }
+        };
+
+        // Compile to WAT text
+        let mut wasm_backend = WasmBackend::new();
+        let wat_text = match wasm_backend.compile_to_wat(compile_result.module) {
+            Ok(wat) => wat,
+            Err(e) => { eprintln!("❌ WASM compilation error: {}", e); process::exit(1); }
+        };
+
+        // Determine output file
+        let output = self.config.output_file.as_deref().unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            if filename.ends_with(".nyash") { filename.strip_suffix(".nyash").unwrap_or(filename) } else { filename }
+        });
+        let output_file = format!("{}.wat", output);
+
+        match fs::write(&output_file, wat_text) {
+            Ok(()) => { println!("✅ WASM compilation successful!\nOutput written to: {}", output_file); },
+            Err(e) => { eprintln!("❌ Error writing WASM file {}: {}", output_file, e); process::exit(1); }
+        }
+    }
+}
+