diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 033a8277..fc80cd0e 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -244,6 +244,10 @@ members = [
 exclude = [
   "plugins/nyash-file",
   "plugins/nyash-test-multibox",
+  # Exclude placeholder/missing crates to keep workspace buildable
+  "plugins/nyash-aot-plugin",
+  "plugins/nyash-mirjsonbuildermin-plugin",
+  "plugins/nyash-set-plugin",
 ]
 
 [profile.release]
diff --git a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/encode.rs b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/encode.rs
index cd398277..a4c74148 100644
--- a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/encode.rs
+++ b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/encode.rs
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ pub(crate) fn nyrt_encode_from_legacy_at(_buf: &mut Vec<u8>, _pos: usize) {
 
 /// Simplified encoding for Plugin-First architecture (replaces legacy encoding)
 pub(crate) fn nyrt_encode_arg_or_legacy(buf: &mut Vec<u8>, val: i64, _pos: usize) {
-    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles;
+    use nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles;
     // Handle direct values and plugin objects, bypass legacy VM fallback
     if val > 0 {
-        if let Some(obj) = handles::get(val) {
+        if let Some(obj) = host_handles::get(val as u64) {
             if let Some(bufbox) = obj
                 .as_any()
                 .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::buffer::BufferBox>()
diff --git a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/lib.rs b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/lib.rs
index 4ee5967c..fe8aecc9 100644
--- a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/lib.rs
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ pub use plugin::*;
 // String.len_h(handle) -> i64
 #[export_name = "nyash.string.len_h"]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_len_h(handle: i64) -> i64 {
-    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles;
+    use nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles as handles;
     if std::env::var("NYASH_JIT_TRACE_LEN").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
         let present = if handle > 0 {
-            handles::get(handle).is_some()
+            handles::get(handle as u64).is_some()
         } else {
             false
         };
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_len_h(handle: i64) -> i64 {
     if handle <= 0 {
         return 0;
     }
-    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
         if let Some(sb) = obj
             .as_any()
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::StringBox>()
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_len_h(handle: i64) -> i64 {
 // String.charCodeAt_h(handle, idx) -> i64 (byte-based; -1 if OOB)
 #[export_name = "nyash.string.charCodeAt_h"]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_charcode_at_h_export(handle: i64, idx: i64) -> i64 {
-    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles;
+    use nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles as handles;
     if idx < 0 {
         return -1;
     }
     if handle <= 0 {
         return -1;
     }
-    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
         if let Some(sb) = obj
             .as_any()
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::StringBox>()
@@ -67,11 +67,11 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_charcode_at_h_export(handle: i64, idx: i64) -> i6
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_concat_hh_export(a_h: i64, b_h: i64) -> i64 {
     use nyash_rust::{
         box_trait::{NyashBox, StringBox},
-        jit::rt::handles,
+        runtime::host_handles as handles,
     };
     let to_s = |h: i64| -> String {
         if h > 0 {
-            if let Some(o) = handles::get(h) {
+            if let Some(o) = handles::get(h as u64) {
                 return o.to_string_box().value;
             }
         }
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_concat_hh_export(a_h: i64, b_h: i64) -> i64 {
     let s = format!("{}{}", to_s(a_h), to_s(b_h));
     nyash_rust::runtime::global_hooks::gc_alloc(s.len() as u64);
     let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::new(StringBox::new(s));
-    let h = handles::to_handle(arc) as i64;
+    let h = handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as i64;
     eprintln!("[TRACE] concat_hh -> {}", h);
     h
 }
@@ -88,10 +88,10 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_concat_hh_export(a_h: i64, b_h: i64) -> i64 {
 // String.eq_hh(lhs_h, rhs_h) -> i64 (0/1)
 #[export_name = "nyash.string.eq_hh"]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_eq_hh_export(a_h: i64, b_h: i64) -> i64 {
-    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles;
+    use nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles as handles;
     let to_s = |h: i64| -> String {
         if h > 0 {
-            if let Some(o) = handles::get(h) {
+            if let Some(o) = handles::get(h as u64) {
                 return o.to_string_box().value;
             }
         }
@@ -107,11 +107,11 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_eq_hh_export(a_h: i64, b_h: i64) -> i64 {
 // String.substring_hii(handle, start, end) -> handle
 #[export_name = "nyash.string.substring_hii"]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_substring_hii_export(h: i64, start: i64, end: i64) -> i64 {
-    use nyash_rust::{box_trait::NyashBox, box_trait::StringBox, jit::rt::handles};
+    use nyash_rust::{box_trait::NyashBox, box_trait::StringBox, runtime::host_handles as handles};
     if h <= 0 {
         return 0;
     }
-    let s = if let Some(obj) = handles::get(h) {
+    let s = if let Some(obj) = handles::get(h as u64) {
         if let Some(sb) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<StringBox>() {
             sb.value.clone()
         } else {
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_substring_hii_export(h: i64, start: i64, end: i64
     let sub = s.get(st_u.min(s.len())..en_u.min(s.len())).unwrap_or("");
     let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::new(StringBox::new(sub.to_string()));
     nyash_rust::runtime::global_hooks::gc_alloc(sub.len() as u64);
-    let nh = handles::to_handle(arc) as i64;
+    let nh = handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as i64;
     eprintln!("[TRACE] substring_hii -> {}", nh);
     nh
 }
@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_substring_hii_export(h: i64, start: i64, end: i64
 // String.lastIndexOf_hh(haystack_h, needle_h) -> i64
 #[export_name = "nyash.string.lastIndexOf_hh"]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_lastindexof_hh_export(h: i64, n: i64) -> i64 {
-    use nyash_rust::{box_trait::StringBox, jit::rt::handles};
+    use nyash_rust::{box_trait::StringBox, runtime::host_handles as handles};
     let hay = if h > 0 {
-        if let Some(o) = handles::get(h) {
+        if let Some(o) = handles::get(h as u64) {
             if let Some(sb) = o.as_any().downcast_ref::<StringBox>() {
                 sb.value.clone()
             } else {
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_lastindexof_hh_export(h: i64, n: i64) -> i64 {
         String::new()
     };
     let nee = if n > 0 {
-        if let Some(o) = handles::get(n) {
+        if let Some(o) = handles::get(n as u64) {
             if let Some(sb) = o.as_any().downcast_ref::<StringBox>() {
                 sb.value.clone()
             } else {
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_lastindexof_hh_export(h: i64, n: i64) -> i64 {
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_box_from_i8_string(ptr: *const i8) -> i64 {
     use nyash_rust::{
         box_trait::{NyashBox, StringBox},
-        jit::rt::handles,
+        runtime::host_handles as handles,
     };
     use std::ffi::CStr;
     if ptr.is_null() {
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_box_from_i8_string(ptr: *const i8) -> i64 {
     };
     let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::new(StringBox::new(s.clone()));
     nyash_rust::runtime::global_hooks::gc_alloc(s.len() as u64);
-    let h = handles::to_handle(arc) as i64;
+    let h = handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as i64;
     eprintln!("[TRACE] from_i8_string -> {}", h);
     h
 }
@@ -209,10 +209,10 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_box_from_i8_string(ptr: *const i8) -> i64 {
 // Helper: build a FloatBox and return a handle
 #[export_name = "nyash.box.from_f64"]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_box_from_f64(val: f64) -> i64 {
-    use nyash_rust::{box_trait::NyashBox, boxes::FloatBox, jit::rt::handles};
+    use nyash_rust::{box_trait::NyashBox, boxes::FloatBox, runtime::host_handles as handles};
     let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::new(FloatBox::new(val));
     nyash_rust::runtime::global_hooks::gc_alloc(8);
-    handles::to_handle(arc) as i64
+    handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as i64
 }
 
 // box.from_i64(val) -> handle
@@ -221,11 +221,11 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_box_from_f64(val: f64) -> i64 {
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_box_from_i64(val: i64) -> i64 {
     use nyash_rust::{
         box_trait::{IntegerBox, NyashBox},
-        jit::rt::handles,
+        runtime::host_handles as handles,
     };
     let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::new(IntegerBox::new(val));
     nyash_rust::runtime::global_hooks::gc_alloc(8);
-    handles::to_handle(arc) as i64
+    handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as i64
 }
 
 // env.box.new(type_name: *const i8) -> handle (i64)
@@ -233,7 +233,8 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_box_from_i64(val: i64) -> i64 {
 #[export_name = "nyash.env.box.new"]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_env_box_new(type_name: *const i8) -> i64 {
     use nyash_rust::{
-        box_trait::NyashBox, jit::rt::handles, runtime::box_registry::get_global_registry,
+        box_trait::NyashBox,
+        runtime::{host_handles as handles, box_registry::get_global_registry},
     };
     use std::ffi::CStr;
     if type_name.is_null() {
@@ -248,12 +249,12 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_env_box_new(type_name: *const i8) -> i64 {
     if ty == "MapBox" {
         use nyash_rust::boxes::map_box::MapBox;
         let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::new(MapBox::new());
-        return handles::to_handle(arc) as i64;
+        return handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as i64;
     }
     if ty == "ArrayBox" {
         use nyash_rust::boxes::array::ArrayBox;
         let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::new(ArrayBox::new());
-        let h = handles::to_handle(arc) as i64;
+        let h = handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as i64;
         if std::env::var("NYASH_CLI_VERBOSE").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
             eprintln!("nyrt: env.box.new ArrayBox -> handle={}", h);
         }
@@ -263,7 +264,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_env_box_new(type_name: *const i8) -> i64 {
     match reg.create_box(ty, &[]) {
         Ok(b) => {
             let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox> = b.into();
-            handles::to_handle(arc) as i64
+            handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as i64
         }
         Err(_) => 0,
     }
@@ -282,8 +283,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_env_box_new_i64x(
 ) -> i64 {
     use nyash_rust::{
         box_trait::{IntegerBox, NyashBox},
-        jit::rt::handles,
-        runtime::box_registry::get_global_registry,
+        runtime::{host_handles as handles, box_registry::get_global_registry},
     };
     use std::ffi::CStr;
     if type_name.is_null() {
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_env_box_new_i64x(
     let mut argv: Vec<Box<dyn NyashBox>> = Vec::new();
     let push_val = |dst: &mut Vec<Box<dyn NyashBox>>, v: i64| {
         if v > 0 {
-            if let Some(obj) = handles::get(v) {
+            if let Some(obj) = handles::get(v as u64) {
                 dst.push(obj.share_box());
                 return;
             }
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_env_box_new_i64x(
     match reg.create_box(ty, &argv) {
         Ok(b) => {
             let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox> = b.into();
-            handles::to_handle(arc) as i64
+            handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as i64
         }
         Err(_) => 0,
     }
@@ -331,10 +331,10 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_env_box_new_i64x(
 // String.lt_hh(lhs_h, rhs_h) -> i64 (0/1)
 #[export_name = "nyash.string.lt_hh"]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_lt_hh_export(a_h: i64, b_h: i64) -> i64 {
-    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles;
+    use nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles as handles;
     let to_s = |h: i64| -> String {
         if h > 0 {
-            if let Some(o) = handles::get(h) {
+            if let Some(o) = handles::get(h as u64) {
                 return o.to_string_box().value;
             }
         }
@@ -350,10 +350,10 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_lt_hh_export(a_h: i64, b_h: i64) -> i64 {
 // Any.length_h(handle) -> i64 (Array/String/Map)
 #[export_name = "nyash.any.length_h"]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_any_length_h_export(handle: i64) -> i64 {
-    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles;
+    use nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles as handles;
     if std::env::var("NYASH_JIT_TRACE_LEN").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
         let present = if handle > 0 {
-            handles::get(handle).is_some()
+                handles::get(handle as u64).is_some()
         } else {
             false
         };
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_any_length_h_export(handle: i64) -> i64 {
     if handle <= 0 {
         return 0;
     }
-    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
         if let Some(arr) = obj
             .as_any()
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::array::ArrayBox>()
@@ -403,11 +403,11 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_any_length_h_export(handle: i64) -> i64 {
 // Any.is_empty_h(handle) -> i64 (0/1)
 #[export_name = "nyash.any.is_empty_h"]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_any_is_empty_h_export(handle: i64) -> i64 {
-    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles;
+    use nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles as handles;
     if handle <= 0 {
         return 1;
     }
-    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
         if let Some(arr) = obj
             .as_any()
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::array::ArrayBox>()
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_instance_birth_name_u64x2_export(lo: i64, hi: i64, len:
     if let Ok(host_g) = get_global_plugin_host().read() {
         if let Ok(b) = host_g.create_box(&name, &[]) {
             let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::from(b);
-            let h = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc);
+            let h = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as u64;
             return h as i64;
         }
     }
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_instance_birth_name_u64x2_export(lo: i64, hi: i64, len:
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_from_u64x2_export(lo: i64, hi: i64, len: i64) -> i64 {
     use nyash_rust::{
         box_trait::{NyashBox, StringBox},
-        jit::rt::handles,
+        runtime::host_handles as handles,
     };
     let l = if len < 0 {
         0
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_from_u64x2_export(lo: i64, hi: i64, len: i64) ->
     let s = String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes).to_string();
     let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::new(StringBox::new(s.clone()));
     nyash_rust::runtime::global_hooks::gc_alloc(s.len() as u64);
-    handles::to_handle(arc) as i64
+    handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as i64
 }
 
 // ✂️ REMOVED: Legacy VM argument processing - replaced by Plugin-First architecture
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_birth_h_export() -> i64 {
     if let Ok(host_g) = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host().read() {
         if let Ok(b) = host_g.create_box("StringBox", &[]) {
             let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::from(b);
-            let h = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc);
+            let h = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as u64;
             nyash_rust::runtime::global_hooks::gc_alloc(0);
             return h as i64;
         }
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_integer_birth_h_export() -> i64 {
     if let Ok(host_g) = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host().read() {
         if let Ok(b) = host_g.create_box("IntegerBox", &[]) {
             let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::from(b);
-            let h = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc);
+            let h = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as u64;
             nyash_rust::runtime::global_hooks::gc_alloc(0);
             return h as i64;
         }
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_console_birth_h_export() -> i64 {
     if let Ok(host_g) = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host().read() {
         if let Ok(b) = host_g.create_box("ConsoleBox", &[]) {
             let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::from(b);
-            let h = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc);
+            let h = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as u64;
             nyash_rust::runtime::global_hooks::gc_alloc(0);
             return h as i64;
         }
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_array_birth_h_export() -> i64 {
     let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> =
         std::sync::Arc::new(nyash_rust::boxes::array::ArrayBox::new());
     nyash_rust::runtime::global_hooks::gc_alloc(0);
-    nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc) as i64
+    nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as i64
 }
 
 // MapBox birth shim for AOT/JIT handle-based creation
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_birth_h_export() -> i64 {
     let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> =
         std::sync::Arc::new(nyash_rust::boxes::map_box::MapBox::new());
     nyash_rust::runtime::global_hooks::gc_alloc(0);
-    nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc) as i64
+    nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as i64
 }
 // ---- Process entry (driver) ----
 #[cfg(not(test))]
@@ -777,8 +777,7 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use nyash_rust::{
         box_trait::{NyashBox, StringBox},
-        jit::rt::handles,
-        runtime::plugin_loader_v2::make_plugin_box_v2,
+        runtime::{host_handles as handles, plugin_loader_v2::make_plugin_box_v2},
     };
     use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -849,16 +848,16 @@ mod tests {
     fn decode_i32_and_string_returns() {
         let pb = make_plugin_box_v2("Dummy".into(), 1, 1, fake_i32);
         let arc: Arc<dyn NyashBox> = Arc::new(pb);
-        let handle = handles::to_handle(arc) as i64;
+        let handle = handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as i64;
         let val = nyash_plugin_invoke3_tagged_i64(1, 0, 0, handle, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
         assert_eq!(val, 123);
 
         let pb = make_plugin_box_v2("Dummy".into(), 1, 2, fake_str);
         let arc: Arc<dyn NyashBox> = Arc::new(pb);
-        let handle = handles::to_handle(arc) as i64;
+        let handle = handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as i64;
         let h = nyash_plugin_invoke3_tagged_i64(1, 0, 0, handle, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
         assert!(h > 0);
-        let obj = handles::get(h).unwrap();
+        let obj = handles::get(h as u64).unwrap();
         let sb = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<StringBox>().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(sb.value, "hi");
     }
diff --git a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/array.rs b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/array.rs
index 80590a0c..8c766ce8 100644
--- a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/array.rs
+++ b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/array.rs
@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@
 // Exported as: nyash_array_get_h(i64 handle, i64 idx) -> i64
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_array_get_h(handle: i64, idx: i64) -> i64 {
-    use nyash_rust::{box_trait::IntegerBox, jit::rt::handles};
+    use nyash_rust::{box_trait::IntegerBox, runtime::host_handles as handles};
     if std::env::var("NYASH_CLI_VERBOSE").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
         eprintln!("[ARR] get_h(handle={}, idx={})", handle, idx);
     }
     if handle <= 0 || idx < 0 {
         return 0;
     }
-    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
         if let Some(arr) = obj
             .as_any()
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::array::ArrayBox>()
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_array_get_h(handle: i64, idx: i64) -> i64 {
 // Exported as: nyash_array_set_h(i64 handle, i64 idx, i64 val) -> i64
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_array_set_h(handle: i64, idx: i64, val: i64) -> i64 {
-    use nyash_rust::{box_trait::IntegerBox, jit::rt::handles};
+    use nyash_rust::{box_trait::IntegerBox, runtime::host_handles as handles};
     if std::env::var("NYASH_CLI_VERBOSE").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
         eprintln!("[ARR] set_h(handle={}, idx={}, val={})", handle, idx, val);
     }
     if handle <= 0 || idx < 0 {
         return 0;
     }
-    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
         if let Some(arr) = obj
             .as_any()
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::array::ArrayBox>()
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_array_set_h(handle: i64, idx: i64, val: i64) -> i64 {
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_array_push_h(handle: i64, val: i64) -> i64 {
     use nyash_rust::{
         box_trait::{IntegerBox, NyashBox},
-        jit::rt::handles,
+        runtime::host_handles as handles,
     };
     if std::env::var("NYASH_CLI_VERBOSE").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
         eprintln!("[ARR] push_h(handle={}, val={})", handle, val);
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_array_push_h(handle: i64, val: i64) -> i64 {
     if handle <= 0 {
         return 0;
     }
-    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
         if let Some(arr) = obj
             .as_any()
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::array::ArrayBox>()
         {
             // If val is handle, try to use it; otherwise treat as integer
             let vbox: Box<dyn NyashBox> = if val > 0 {
-                if let Some(o) = handles::get(val) {
+                if let Some(o) = handles::get(val as u64) {
                     o.clone_box()
                 } else {
                     Box::new(IntegerBox::new(val))
@@ -104,11 +104,11 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_array_push_h(handle: i64, val: i64) -> i64 {
 // Exported as: nyash_array_length_h(i64 handle) -> i64
 #[no_mangle]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_array_length_h(handle: i64) -> i64 {
-    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles;
+    use nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles as handles;
     if handle <= 0 {
         return 0;
     }
-    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
         if let Some(arr) = obj
             .as_any()
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::array::ArrayBox>()
diff --git a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/birth.rs b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/birth.rs
index 8b94f6a2..fa2e4ab2 100644
--- a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/birth.rs
+++ b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/birth.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_box_birth_h_export(type_id: i64) -> i64 {
             if let Ok(b) = host_g.create_box(&meta.box_type, &[]) {
                 let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> =
                     std::sync::Arc::from(b);
-                let h = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc);
+                let h = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as u64;
                 if std::env::var("NYASH_CLI_VERBOSE").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
                     println!(
                         "nyrt: birth_h {} (type_id={}) -> handle={}",
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_box_birth_i64_export(type_id: i64, argc: i64, a1: i64, a
     let method_id: u32 = 0; // birth
     let instance_id: u32 = 0; // static
                               // Build TLV args
-    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles;
+    use nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles as handles;
     let nargs = argc.max(0) as usize;
     let mut buf = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode_tlv_header(nargs as u16);
     let mut encode_handle = |h: i64| {
         if h > 0 {
-            if let Some(obj) = handles::get(h) {
+            if let Some(obj) = handles::get(h as u64) {
                 if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                     let host = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host();
                     if let Ok(hg) = host.read() {
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_box_birth_i64_export(type_id: i64, argc: i64, a1: i64, a
                 invoke_fn,
             );
             let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::new(pb);
-            let h = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc);
+            let h = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as u64;
             if std::env::var("NYASH_CLI_VERBOSE").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
                 println!(
                     "nyrt: birth_i64 {} (type_id={}) argc={} -> handle={}",
diff --git a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/console.rs b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/console.rs
index b4516d5c..db0de2dd 100644
--- a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/console.rs
+++ b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/console.rs
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_console_log_export(ptr: *const i8) -> i64 {
 // Exported as: nyash.console.log_handle(i64 handle) -> i64
 #[export_name = "nyash.console.log_handle"]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_console_log_handle(handle: i64) -> i64 {
-    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles;
+    use nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles as handles;
     eprintln!("DEBUG: handle={}", handle);
-    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
         let s = obj.to_string_box().value;
         println!("{}", s);
     } else {
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_console_warn_handle(handle: i64) -> i64 {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(handle as u64) {
         let s = obj.to_string_box().value;
         eprintln!("WARN: {}", s);
     } else {
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_console_error_handle(handle: i64) -> i64 {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(handle as u64) {
         let s = obj.to_string_box().value;
         eprintln!("ERROR: {}", s);
     } else {
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_debug_trace_handle(handle: i64) -> i64 {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(handle as u64) {
         let s = obj.to_string_box().value;
         eprintln!("TRACE: {}", s);
     } else {
diff --git a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/future.rs b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/future.rs
index fa74a9ca..ea265d92 100644
--- a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/future.rs
+++ b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/future.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_future_spawn_method_h(
     let mut invoke: Option<
         unsafe extern "C" fn(u32, u32, u32, *const u8, usize, *mut u8, *mut usize) -> i32,
     > = None;
-    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(recv_h) {
+    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(recv_h as u64) {
         if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
             instance_id = p.instance_id();
             real_type_id = p.inner.type_id;
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_future_spawn_method_h(
             }
             8 => {
                 if v > 0 {
-                    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(v) {
+                    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(v as u64) {
                         if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                             // Try common coercions: String/Integer to TLV primitives
                             let host = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host();
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_future_spawn_method_h(
     // Prepare FutureBox and register handle
     let fut_box = std::sync::Arc::new(nyash_rust::boxes::future::FutureBox::new());
     let handle =
-        nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(fut_box.clone() as std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox>);
+    nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::to_handle_arc(fut_box.clone() as std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox>);
     // Copy data for async task
     let cap: usize = 512;
     let tlv = buf.clone();
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_future_spawn_instance3_i64(a0: i64, a1: i64, a2: i64, ar
     }
     // Resolve receiver invoke and type id/name
     let (instance_id, real_type_id, invoke) =
-        if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(a0) {
+    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(a0 as u64) {
             if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                 (p.instance_id(), p.inner.type_id, Some(p.inner.invoke_fn))
             } else {
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_future_spawn_instance3_i64(a0: i64, a1: i64, a2: i64, ar
     // Determine method name string (from a1 handle→StringBox, or a1 as C string pointer, or legacy VM args)
     let mut method_name: Option<String> = None;
     if a1 > 0 {
-        if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(a1) {
+    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(a1 as u64) {
             if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                 if p.box_type == "StringBox" {
                     // Limit the lifetime of the read guard to this inner block by avoiding an outer binding
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_future_spawn_instance3_i64(a0: i64, a1: i64, a2: i64, ar
     let mut encode_arg_into = |dst: &mut Vec<u8>, val: i64, pos: usize| {
         let mut appended = false;
         if val > 0 {
-            if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(val) {
+            if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(val as u64) {
                 if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                     let host = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host();
                     if let Ok(hg) = host.read() {
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_future_spawn_instance3_i64(a0: i64, a1: i64, a2: i64, ar
     // Create Future and schedule async invoke
     let fut_box = std::sync::Arc::new(nyash_rust::boxes::future::FutureBox::new());
     let handle =
-        nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(fut_box.clone() as std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox>);
+    nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::to_handle_arc(fut_box.clone() as std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox>);
     let tlv = buf.clone();
     nyash_rust::runtime::global_hooks::spawn_task(
         "nyash.future.spawn_instance3_i64",
diff --git a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/instance.rs b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/instance.rs
index 5e51dbdf..9511201b 100644
--- a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/instance.rs
+++ b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/instance.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_instance_get_field_h(handle: i64, name: *const i8) -> i6
     }
     let name = unsafe { std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(name) };
     let Ok(field) = name.to_str() else { return 0 };
-    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(handle as u64) {
         if let Some(inst) = obj
             .as_any()
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::instance_v2::InstanceBox>()
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_instance_get_field_h(handle: i64, name: *const i8) -> i6
             if let Some(shared) = inst.get_field(field) {
                 let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> =
                     std::sync::Arc::from(shared);
-                let h = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc);
+                let h = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as u64;
                 return h as i64;
             }
         }
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_instance_set_field_h(handle: i64, name: *const i8, val_h
     }
     let name = unsafe { std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(name) };
     let Ok(field) = name.to_str() else { return 0 };
-    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(handle as u64) {
         if let Some(inst) = obj
             .as_any()
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::instance_v2::InstanceBox>()
         {
             if val_h > 0 {
-                if let Some(val) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(val_h) {
+                if let Some(val) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(val_h as u64) {
                     let shared: nyash_rust::box_trait::SharedNyashBox = std::sync::Arc::clone(&val);
                     let _ = inst.set_field(field, shared);
                     return 0;
diff --git a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/invoke.rs b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/invoke.rs
index 5ef54632..4d4e9f40 100644
--- a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/invoke.rs
+++ b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/invoke.rs
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_plugin_invoke3_f64(
         unsafe extern "C" fn(u32, u32, u32, *const u8, usize, *mut u8, *mut usize) -> i32,
     > = None;
     if a0 > 0 {
-        if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(a0) {
+    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(a0 as u64) {
             if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                 instance_id = p.instance_id();
                 invoke = Some(p.inner.invoke_fn);
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ fn nyash_plugin_invoke_name_common_i64(method: &str, argc: i64, a0: i64, a1: i64
         unsafe extern "C" fn(u32, u32, u32, *const u8, usize, *mut u8, *mut usize) -> i32,
     > = None;
     if a0 > 0 {
-        if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(a0) {
+    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(a0 as u64) {
             if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                 instance_id = p.instance_id();
                 type_id = p.inner.type_id;
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_plugin_invoke_by_name_i64(
         unsafe extern "C" fn(u32, u32, u32, *const u8, usize, *mut u8, *mut usize) -> i32,
     > = None;
     if recv_handle > 0 {
-        if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(recv_handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(recv_handle as u64) {
             if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                 instance_id = p.instance_id();
                 type_id = p.inner.type_id;
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_plugin_invoke_by_name_i64(
                     );
                     let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> =
                         std::sync::Arc::new(pb);
-                    let h = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc);
+                    let h = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as u64;
                     return h as i64;
                 }
             }
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_plugin_invoke3_tagged_i64(
         unsafe extern "C" fn(u32, u32, u32, *const u8, usize, *mut u8, *mut usize) -> i32,
     > = None;
     if a0 > 0 {
-        if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(a0) {
+    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(a0 as u64) {
             if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                 instance_id = p.instance_id();
                 real_type_id = p.inner.type_id;
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_plugin_invoke3_tagged_i64(
         }
         8 => {
             if val > 0 {
-                if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(val) {
+                if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(val as u64) {
                     if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                         nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::plugin_handle(
                             &mut buf,
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_plugin_invoke_tagged_v_i64(
     let mut invoke: Option<
         unsafe extern "C" fn(u32, u32, u32, *const u8, usize, *mut u8, *mut usize) -> i32,
     > = None;
-    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(recv_h) {
+    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(recv_h as u64) {
         if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
             instance_id = p.instance_id();
             real_type_id = p.inner.type_id;
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_plugin_invoke_tagged_v_i64(
                 nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::f64(&mut buf, f);
             }
             8 => {
-                if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(vals[i]) {
+                if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(vals[i] as u64) {
                     if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                         nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::plugin_handle(
                             &mut buf,
diff --git a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/invoke_core.rs b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/invoke_core.rs
index 061198c8..0412f174 100644
--- a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/invoke_core.rs
+++ b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/invoke_core.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub struct Receiver {
 pub fn resolve_receiver_for_a0(a0: i64) -> Option<Receiver> {
     // 1) Handle registry (preferred)
     if a0 > 0 {
-        if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(a0) {
+    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::get(a0 as u64) {
             if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                 return Some(Receiver {
                     instance_id: p.instance_id(),
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ pub fn decode_entry_to_i64(
             use nyash_rust::box_trait::{NyashBox, StringBox};
             let s = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::decode::string(payload);
             let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::new(StringBox::new(s));
-            let h = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc);
+            let h = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as u64;
             Some(h as i64)
         }
         8 => {
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ pub fn decode_entry_to_i64(
                 );
                 let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> =
                     std::sync::Arc::new(pb);
-                let h = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc);
+                let h = nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as u64;
                 return Some(h as i64);
             }
             None
diff --git a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/map.rs b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/map.rs
index 9f0a84c0..93b8b074 100644
--- a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/map.rs
+++ b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/map.rs
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 // size: (handle) -> i64
 #[export_name = "nyash.map.size_h"]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_size_h(handle: i64) -> i64 {
-    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles;
+    use nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles as handles;
     if std::env::var("NYASH_LLVM_MAP_DEBUG").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
         eprintln!("[MAP] size_h(handle={})", handle);
     }
     if handle <= 0 {
         return 0;
     }
-    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
         if let Some(map) = obj
             .as_any()
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::map_box::MapBox>()
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_size_h(handle: i64) -> i64 {
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_get_h(handle: i64, key: i64) -> i64 {
     use nyash_rust::{
         box_trait::{IntegerBox, NyashBox},
-        jit::rt::handles,
+        runtime::host_handles as handles,
     };
     if std::env::var("NYASH_LLVM_MAP_DEBUG").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
         eprintln!("[MAP] get_h(handle={}, key={})", handle, key);
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_get_h(handle: i64, key: i64) -> i64 {
     if handle <= 0 {
         return 0;
     }
-    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
         if let Some(map) = obj
             .as_any()
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::map_box::MapBox>()
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_get_h(handle: i64, key: i64) -> i64 {
             let kbox: Box<dyn NyashBox> = Box::new(IntegerBox::new(key));
             let v = map.get(kbox);
             let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::from(v);
-            let h = handles::to_handle(arc);
+            let h = handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as u64;
             if std::env::var("NYASH_LLVM_MAP_DEBUG").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
                 eprintln!("[MAP] get_h => handle {}", h);
             }
@@ -66,18 +66,18 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_get_h(handle: i64, key: i64) -> i64 {
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_get_hh(handle: i64, key_any: i64) -> i64 {
     use nyash_rust::{
         box_trait::{IntegerBox, NyashBox},
-        jit::rt::handles,
+        runtime::host_handles as handles,
     };
     if handle <= 0 {
         return 0;
     }
-    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
         if let Some(map) = obj
             .as_any()
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::map_box::MapBox>()
         {
             let key_box: Box<dyn NyashBox> = if key_any > 0 {
-                if let Some(k) = handles::get(key_any) {
+                if let Some(k) = handles::get(key_any as u64) {
                     k.clone_box()
                 } else {
                     Box::new(IntegerBox::new(key_any))
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_get_hh(handle: i64, key_any: i64) -> i64 {
             };
             let v = map.get(key_box);
             let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::from(v);
-            let h = handles::to_handle(arc);
+            let h = handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as u64;
             return h as i64;
         }
     }
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_get_hh(handle: i64, key_any: i64) -> i64 {
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_set_h(handle: i64, key: i64, val: i64) -> i64 {
     use nyash_rust::{
         box_trait::{IntegerBox, NyashBox},
-        jit::rt::handles,
+        runtime::host_handles as handles,
     };
     if std::env::var("NYASH_LLVM_MAP_DEBUG").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
         eprintln!("[MAP] set_h(handle={}, key={}, val={})", handle, key, val);
@@ -107,14 +107,14 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_set_h(handle: i64, key: i64, val: i64) -> i64 {
     if handle <= 0 {
         return 0;
     }
-    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
         if let Some(map) = obj
             .as_any()
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::map_box::MapBox>()
         {
             let kbox: Box<dyn NyashBox> = Box::new(IntegerBox::new(key));
             let vbox: Box<dyn NyashBox> = if val > 0 {
-                if let Some(o) = handles::get(val) {
+                if let Some(o) = handles::get(val as u64) {
                     o.clone_box()
                 } else {
                     Box::new(IntegerBox::new(val))
@@ -143,18 +143,18 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_set_h(handle: i64, key: i64, val: i64) -> i64 {
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_set_hh(handle: i64, key_any: i64, val_any: i64) -> i64 {
     use nyash_rust::{
         box_trait::{IntegerBox, NyashBox},
-        jit::rt::handles,
+        runtime::host_handles as handles,
     };
     if handle <= 0 {
         return 0;
     }
-    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
         if let Some(map) = obj
             .as_any()
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::map_box::MapBox>()
         {
             let kbox: Box<dyn NyashBox> = if key_any > 0 {
-                if let Some(k) = handles::get(key_any) {
+                if let Some(k) = handles::get(key_any as u64) {
                     k.clone_box()
                 } else {
                     Box::new(IntegerBox::new(key_any))
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_set_hh(handle: i64, key_any: i64, val_any: i64) -> i
                 Box::new(IntegerBox::new(key_any))
             };
             let vbox: Box<dyn NyashBox> = if val_any > 0 {
-                if let Some(v) = handles::get(val_any) {
+                if let Some(v) = handles::get(val_any as u64) {
                     v.clone_box()
                 } else {
                     Box::new(IntegerBox::new(val_any))
@@ -183,18 +183,18 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_set_hh(handle: i64, key_any: i64, val_any: i64) -> i
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_has_hh(handle: i64, key_any: i64) -> i64 {
     use nyash_rust::{
         box_trait::{BoolBox, IntegerBox, NyashBox},
-        jit::rt::handles,
+        runtime::host_handles as handles,
     };
     if handle <= 0 {
         return 0;
     }
-    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
         if let Some(map) = obj
             .as_any()
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::map_box::MapBox>()
         {
             let kbox: Box<dyn NyashBox> = if key_any > 0 {
-                if let Some(k) = handles::get(key_any) {
+                if let Some(k) = handles::get(key_any as u64) {
                     k.clone_box()
                 } else {
                     Box::new(IntegerBox::new(key_any))
@@ -214,11 +214,11 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_has_hh(handle: i64, key_any: i64) -> i64 {
 // has_h: (map_handle, key_i64) -> i64 (0/1)
 #[export_name = "nyash.map.has_h"]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_has_h(handle: i64, key: i64) -> i64 {
-    use nyash_rust::{box_trait::IntegerBox, jit::rt::handles};
+    use nyash_rust::{box_trait::IntegerBox, runtime::host_handles as handles};
     if handle <= 0 {
         return 0;
     }
-    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
         if let Some(map) = obj
             .as_any()
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::map_box::MapBox>()
diff --git a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/semantics.rs b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/semantics.rs
index 76ed11fc..ca2903a7 100644
--- a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/semantics.rs
+++ b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/semantics.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // Exported as: nyash.semantics.add_hh(i64 lhs_handle, i64 rhs_handle) -> i64 (NyashBox handle)
 #[export_name = "nyash.semantics.add_hh"]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_semantics_add_hh_export(lhs_h: i64, rhs_h: i64) -> i64 {
-    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles;
+    use nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles as handles;
     use nyash_rust::{
         box_trait::{IntegerBox, StringBox},
         runtime::semantics,
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_semantics_add_hh_export(lhs_h: i64, rhs_h: i64) -> i64 {
     if lhs_h <= 0 || rhs_h <= 0 {
         return 0;
     }
-    let lhs = if let Some(obj) = handles::get(lhs_h) {
+    let lhs = if let Some(obj) = handles::get(lhs_h as u64) {
         obj
     } else {
         return 0;
     };
-    let rhs = if let Some(obj) = handles::get(rhs_h) {
+    let rhs = if let Some(obj) = handles::get(rhs_h as u64) {
         obj
     } else {
         return 0;
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_semantics_add_hh_export(lhs_h: i64, rhs_h: i64) -> i64 {
         let s = format!("{}{}", ls, rs);
         let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> =
             std::sync::Arc::new(StringBox::new(s));
-        return handles::to_handle(arc) as i64;
+        return handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as i64;
     }
     if let (Some(li), Some(ri)) = (
         semantics::coerce_to_i64(lhs.as_ref()),
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_semantics_add_hh_export(lhs_h: i64, rhs_h: i64) -> i64 {
     ) {
         let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> =
             std::sync::Arc::new(IntegerBox::new(li + ri));
-        return handles::to_handle(arc) as i64;
+        return handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as i64;
     }
     // Fallback: stringify both and concat to preserve total order
     let ls = lhs.to_string_box().value;
     let rs = rhs.to_string_box().value;
     let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> =
         std::sync::Arc::new(StringBox::new(format!("{}{}", ls, rs)));
-    handles::to_handle(arc) as i64
+    handles::to_handle_arc(arc) as i64
 }
diff --git a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/string.rs b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/string.rs
index 07a1d2e6..9dc8f077 100644
--- a/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/string.rs
+++ b/crates/nyash_kernel/src/plugin/string.rs
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_lastindexof_ss(s: *const i8, needle: *const i8) -
 // Exported as: nyash.string.to_i8p_h(i64 handle) -> i8*
 #[export_name = "nyash.string.to_i8p_h"]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_to_i8p_h(handle: i64) -> *mut i8 {
-    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles;
+    use nyash_rust::runtime::host_handles as handles;
     if handle <= 0 {
         // return "0" for consistency with existing fallback behavior
         let s = handle.to_string();
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_to_i8p_h(handle: i64) -> *mut i8 {
         let raw = Box::into_raw(boxed) as *mut u8;
         return raw as *mut i8;
     }
-    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle) {
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
         let s = obj.to_string_box().value;
         let mut bytes = s.into_bytes();
         bytes.push(0);
diff --git a/docs/private/roadmap/phases/phase-33/README.md b/docs/private/roadmap/phases/phase-33/README.md
index fdacd944..56ba8b2b 100644
--- a/docs/private/roadmap/phases/phase-33/README.md
+++ b/docs/private/roadmap/phases/phase-33/README.md
@@ -65,5 +65,13 @@
 - C) 代替ルートの準備（任意）
   - アーカイバ経路の helper（`.o + libnyash_kernel.a → exe`）を復帰し、ハーネス依存を迂回可能にする。
 
+進捗メモ（2025-10-31夕方）
+- ✅ A) ハーネス修正済（`mir_call.py` indentation fix）
+- ✅ B) Workspace exclude 適用済（欠損プラグインを除外）
+- ⏳ NyRT(host_handles) へ移行中
+  - `encode.rs` / `plugin/{array,map,console,future,instance,invoke,invoke_core,string}` などは `jit::rt::handles` から `runtime::host_handles` へ置換済み。
+  - 残TODO: `crates/nyash_kernel/src/lib.rs` 全域と `plugin/semantics.rs` の `to_handle/get` を host_handles に揃え、`i64→u64` キャストを整理する。
+- 🧱 libnyash_kernel.a が未生成なため EXE リンクは保留。上記残TODO完了後に return 7 カナリアで確認する。
+
 運用メモ
 - main は docs 復元のみコミット済み。AOT 関連の差分は phase33 ブランチ（または stash）で保全し、段階的に進める。
diff --git a/src/llvm_py/instructions/mir_call.py b/src/llvm_py/instructions/mir_call.py
index f063be30..9bc85604 100644
--- a/src/llvm_py/instructions/mir_call.py
+++ b/src/llvm_py/instructions/mir_call.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def lower_mir_call(owner, builder: ir.IRBuilder, mir_call: Dict[str, Any], dst_v
     """
 
     # Check if unified call is enabled
-use_unified = os.getenv("NYASH_MIR_UNIFIED_CALL", "1").lower() not in ("0", "false", "off")
+    use_unified = os.getenv("NYASH_MIR_UNIFIED_CALL", "1").lower() not in ("0", "false", "off")
     if not use_unified:
         # Fall back to legacy dispatching
         return lower_legacy_call(owner, builder, mir_call, dst_vid, vmap, resolver)