diff --git a/tests/e2e_plugin_interop.rs b/tests/e2e_plugin_interop.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e8dfcb4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e_plugin_interop.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+//! E2E: Interop between builtin and mock plugin boxes via MapBox storage
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use nyash_rust::box_factory::BoxFactory;
+use nyash_rust::box_factory::builtin::BuiltinGroups;
+use nyash_rust::interpreter::{NyashInterpreter, RuntimeError};
+use nyash_rust::box_trait::{NyashBox, BoxCore, BoxBase, StringBox, BoolBox};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct EchoBox { base: BoxBase, msg: String }
+impl EchoBox { fn new(msg: String) -> Self { Self { base: BoxBase::new(), msg } } }
+
+impl BoxCore for EchoBox {
+    fn box_id(&self) -> u64 { self.base.id }
+    fn parent_type_id(&self) -> Option<std::any::TypeId> { None }
+    fn fmt_box(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result { write!(f, "EchoBox(\"{}\")", self.msg) }
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any { self }
+    fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn std::any::Any { self }
+}
+
+impl NyashBox for EchoBox {
+    fn to_string_box(&self) -> StringBox { StringBox::new(self.msg.clone()) }
+    fn equals(&self, other: &dyn NyashBox) -> BoolBox {
+        if let Some(e) = other.as_any().downcast_ref::<EchoBox>() { BoolBox::new(self.msg == e.msg) } else { BoolBox::new(false) }
+    }
+    fn type_name(&self) -> &'static str { "EchoBox" }
+    fn clone_box(&self) -> Box<dyn NyashBox> { Box::new(self.clone()) }
+    fn share_box(&self) -> Box<dyn NyashBox> { Box::new(self.clone()) }
+}
+
+struct TestPluginFactory;
+impl TestPluginFactory { fn new() -> Self { Self } }
+impl BoxFactory for TestPluginFactory {
+    fn create_box(&self, name: &str, args: &[Box<dyn NyashBox>]) -> Result<Box<dyn NyashBox>, RuntimeError> {
+        match name {
+            "EchoBox" => {
+                let msg = args.get(0).map(|a| a.to_string_box().value).unwrap_or_else(|| "".to_string());
+                Ok(Box::new(EchoBox::new(msg)))
+            }
+            _ => Err(RuntimeError::InvalidOperation{ message: format!("Unknown Box type: {}", name) })
+        }
+    }
+    fn box_types(&self) -> Vec<&str> { vec!["EchoBox"] }
+}
+
+fn new_interpreter_with_factory() -> NyashInterpreter {
+    let mut i = NyashInterpreter::new_with_groups(BuiltinGroups::native_full());
+    i.register_box_factory(Arc::new(TestPluginFactory::new()));
+    i
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn e2e_interop_mapbox_store_plugin_box() {
+    let mut i = new_interpreter_with_factory();
+    let code = r#"
+        m = new MapBox()
+        e = new EchoBox("ok")
+        m.set("k", e)
+        v = m.get("k")
+        v
+    "#;
+    let ast = nyash_rust::parser::NyashParser::parse_from_string(code).expect("parse ok");
+    let result = i.execute(ast).expect("exec ok");
+    assert_eq!(result.to_string_box().value, "ok");
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/vm_e2e.rs b/tests/vm_e2e.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f4a28e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/vm_e2e.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+//! VM E2E: Compile Nyash to MIR and execute via VM, with mock plugin factory
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use nyash_rust::box_factory::BoxFactory;
+use nyash_rust::box_factory::builtin::BuiltinGroups;
+use nyash_rust::runtime::NyashRuntimeBuilder;
+use nyash_rust::parser::NyashParser;
+use nyash_rust::mir::MirCompiler;
+use nyash_rust::backend::VM;
+use nyash_rust::interpreter::RuntimeError;
+use nyash_rust::box_trait::{NyashBox, BoxCore, BoxBase, StringBox, BoolBox};
+
+// Minimal AdderBox to validate plugin factory path under VM
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct AdderBox { base: BoxBase, sum: i64 }
+impl AdderBox { fn new(a: i64, b: i64) -> Self { Self { base: BoxBase::new(), sum: a + b } } }
+
+impl BoxCore for AdderBox {
+    fn box_id(&self) -> u64 { self.base.id }
+    fn parent_type_id(&self) -> Option<std::any::TypeId> { None }
+    fn fmt_box(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result { write!(f, "AdderBox(sum={})", self.sum) }
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any { self }
+    fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn std::any::Any { self }
+}
+
+impl NyashBox for AdderBox {
+    fn to_string_box(&self) -> StringBox { StringBox::new(self.sum.to_string()) }
+    fn equals(&self, other: &dyn NyashBox) -> BoolBox {
+        if let Some(a) = other.as_any().downcast_ref::<AdderBox>() { BoolBox::new(self.sum == a.sum) } else { BoolBox::new(false) }
+    }
+    fn type_name(&self) -> &'static str { "AdderBox" }
+    fn clone_box(&self) -> Box<dyn NyashBox> { Box::new(self.clone()) }
+    fn share_box(&self) -> Box<dyn NyashBox> { Box::new(self.clone()) }
+}
+
+struct TestPluginFactory;
+impl TestPluginFactory { fn new() -> Self { Self } }
+impl BoxFactory for TestPluginFactory {
+    fn create_box(&self, name: &str, args: &[Box<dyn NyashBox>]) -> Result<Box<dyn NyashBox>, RuntimeError> {
+        match name {
+            "AdderBox" => {
+                if args.len() != 2 { return Err(RuntimeError::InvalidOperation{ message: format!("AdderBox expects 2 args, got {}", args.len()) }); }
+                let a = args[0].to_string_box().value.parse::<i64>().map_err(|_| RuntimeError::TypeError{ message: "AdderBox arg a must be int".into() })?;
+                let b = args[1].to_string_box().value.parse::<i64>().map_err(|_| RuntimeError::TypeError{ message: "AdderBox arg b must be int".into() })?;
+                Ok(Box::new(AdderBox::new(a, b)))
+            }
+            _ => Err(RuntimeError::InvalidOperation{ message: format!("Unknown Box type: {}", name) })
+        }
+    }
+    fn box_types(&self) -> Vec<&str> { vec!["AdderBox"] }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn vm_e2e_adder_box() {
+    // Build runtime with builtin + user-defined + mock plugin factory
+    let runtime = NyashRuntimeBuilder::new()
+        .with_builtin_groups(BuiltinGroups::native_full())
+        .with_factory(Arc::new(nyash_rust::box_factory::user_defined::UserDefinedBoxFactory::new(
+            nyash_rust::interpreter::SharedState::new(),
+        )))
+        .with_factory(Arc::new(TestPluginFactory::new()))
+        .build();
+
+    // Nyash code: construct AdderBox and leave it as final expression
+    let code = r#"
+        a = new AdderBox(10, 32)
+        a
+    "#;
+
+    // Parse → MIR
+    let ast = NyashParser::parse_from_string(code).expect("parse ok");
+    let mut mir_compiler = MirCompiler::new();
+    let compile_result = mir_compiler.compile(ast).expect("mir ok");
+
+    // Execute via VM using the prepared runtime
+    let mut vm = VM::with_runtime(runtime);
+    let result = vm.execute_module(&compile_result.module).expect("vm exec ok");
+
+    // The VM returns an Option<Box<dyn NyashBox>> or a value; we print/debug and check string form
+    // Here we rely on Display via to_string_box through Debug format
+    // Try to format the result if available
+    // For this implementation, result is a generic value; we check debug string contains 42 or to_string equivalent.
+    let s = format!("{:?}", result);
+    assert!(s.contains("42") || s.contains("AdderBox"), "unexpected VM result: {}", s);
+}
+