🔍 Research: GPT-5-Codex capabilities and GitHub PR integration

## Summary
Investigated OpenAI's new GPT-5-Codex model and Codex GitHub PR review integration capabilities.

## GPT-5-Codex Analysis

### Benchmark Performance (Good)
- SWE-bench Verified: 74.5% (vs GPT-5's 72.8%)
- Refactoring tasks: 51.3% (vs GPT-5's 33.9%)
- Code review: Higher developer ratings

### Real-World Issues (Concerning)
- Users report degraded coding performance
- Scripts that previously worked now fail
- Less consistent than GPT-4.5
- Longer response times (minutes vs instant)
- "Creatively and emotionally flat"
- Basic errors (e.g., counting letters incorrectly)

### Key Finding
Classic case of "optimizing for benchmarks vs real usability" - scores well on tests but performs poorly in practice.

## Codex GitHub PR Integration

### Setup Process
1. Enable MFA and connect GitHub account
2. Authorize Codex GitHub app for repos
3. Enable "Code review" in repository settings

### Usage Methods
- **Manual**: Comment '@codex review' in PR
- **Automatic**: Triggers when PR moves from draft to ready

### Current Limitations
- One-way communication (doesn't respond to review comments)
- Prefers creating new PRs over updating existing ones
- Better for single-pass reviews than iterative feedback

## 'codex resume' Feature
New session management capability:
- Resume previous codex exec sessions
- Useful for continuing long tasks across days
- Maintains context from interrupted work

🐱 The investigation reveals that while GPT-5-Codex shows benchmark improvements, practical developer experience has declined - a reminder that metrics don't always reflect real-world utility\!

CURRENT_TASK.md

@@ -1,35 +1,44 @@
-# Current Task — Phase 15 Self‑Hosting (2025‑09‑15)
+# Current Task — Phase 15 Self‑Hosting (2025‑09‑16)
 
 TL;DR
 - 目標は「自己ホスティング達成」＝ Nyash製パーサで Ny → JSON v0 → Bridge → MIR 実行を安定化すること。
 - PyVM は意味論の参照実行器（開発補助）。llvmlite は AOT/検証。配布やバンドル化は後回し（基礎固めが先）。
 
 What Changed (today)
-- リファクタリング一式 完了（Runner/LLVM/MIR Builder の分割第2弾まで）。機能差分なしで整理のみ。
-- Phase‑15（自己ホスト）を再開。まずはスモークで挙動を再確認してから警告掃除へ進む方針に切り替え。
-- 決定: 先にスモーク（PyVM/自己ホスト/Bridge）を回して“緑”を確認→ その後に `ops_ext.rs` と `runner/selfhost.rs` の警告削減に着手する。
-- 構文糖衣の導入計画（A案）を承認: Stage‑1 で配列リテラル（[a,b,c]）を追加（IR変更なし、デシュガリング）。
+- Selfhost 経路の安定化（Python MVP 優先→PyVM 実行）。Selfhost Stage‑2（直/Bridge）スモークは緑化。
+- Using/Resolver を Runner 前処理に集約し、BoxIndex（グローバル）＋解決キャッシュを導入。
+  - nyash.toml の `[aliases]`/env `NYASH_ALIASES` 対応、候補提示、`NYASH_RESOLVE_TRACE=1` でトレース。
+  - strict プレフィクス: `NYASH_PLUGIN_REQUIRE_PREFIX=1` または `[plugins] require_prefix=true`。
+  - per‑plugin meta（`prefix/require_prefix/expose_short_names`）の読取導線を実装（挙動は現状据え置き）。
+- CLI `--using` を追加（`--using "ns as Alias"` / `--using '"apps/foo.nyash" as Foo'`）。
+- フィールドは box 先頭のみルールのリンタを Runner に追加（`NYASH_FIELDS_TOP_STRICT=1` でエラー）。
+- Syntax Torture スイートの実行正規化（末行比較）。一部テスト本文を Nyash 仕様に合わせて修正。
+
+- llvmlite/AOT（本戦）強化 — コアコレクション配線とエントリ統一
+  - Array/Map の BoxCall を NyRT ハンドルAPIに直結：
+    - Array: `push`→`nyash.array.push_h`、`length/len`→`nyash.any.length_h`
+    - Map: `set`→`nyash.map.set_hh`、`get`→`nyash.map.get_hh`、`has`→`nyash.map.has_hh`、`size`→`nyash.any.length_h`
+  - `ny_main` を i64 戻りに統一し、`Main.main/1` を優先（既定 args は `new ArrayBox()`）。
+  - Core Box 生成の安定化：`nyash.array.birth_h` / `nyash.map.birth_h` を追加し、llvmlite `new` は birth_h を優先。
+  - AOT 実行確認：
+    - `[1,2,3].length()` → `Result: 3`
+    - `{"name":"Alice","age":25}.size()` → `Result: 2`
+    - `m.has("name") ? m.get("name").length() : 0` → `Result: 5`
+
 
 Quick Next (today)
-- 短時間スモーク優先（挙動の健全性を早期確認）：
-  - `source tools/dev_env.sh pyvm`
-  - `NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1 ./tools/pyvm_stage2_smoke.sh`（参照実行器・意味論確認）
-  - `NYASH_USE_NY_COMPILER=1 ./tools/selfhost_stage2_smoke.sh`（自己ホスト直）
-  - `NYASH_USE_NY_COMPILER=1 ./tools/selfhost_stage2_bridge_smoke.sh`（自己ホスト→JSON→PyVM）
-  - 任意: `./tools/selfhost_stage3_accept_smoke.sh`（Stage‑3 受理のみ確認）
-- スモークが緑なら、警告の削減に移行：
-  - `src/jit/lower/core/ops_ext.rs`（未使用・到達不能/冗長の解消、保存スロットの一貫化）
-  - `src/runner/selfhost.rs`（到達不能の除去、変数寿命の短縮、細かな `let`/`mut` 是正）
-- ParserBox 強化（Stage‑2 完了 + Stage‑3 受理を追加）
-  - 進捗ガード（parse_program2/parse_block2/parse_stmt2）。
-  - Stage‑2 受理一式: 単項/二項/比較/論理/呼出/メソッド/引数/if/else/loop/using/local/return/new。
-  - 代入文（identifier = expr）を受理（Stage‑2 は Local に正規化）。
-  - Stage‑3 受理のみ（意味論降下は後続）: break/continue/throw/try-catch-finally を no-op/Expr に降格して受理。
-- Smokes 追加/拡充
-  - Stage‑2: `tools/selfhost_stage2_smoke.sh`（自己ホスト直）・`tools/selfhost_stage2_bridge_smoke.sh`（自己ホスト→JSON→PyVM）。
-  - JSON 固定ベクトル: `tests/json_v0/*.json` と `tools/pyvm_json_vectors_smoke.sh`（arith/if/while/logical/strings 代表）。
-  - 新規 apps/tests: try/finally 合成、短絡＋PHI、二重ループ独立性、ループ片側PHI、メソッドチェーン。
-  - Stage‑3 受理確認: `tools/selfhost_stage3_accept_smoke.sh`（受理のみを確認、実行意味論は降格）。
+- いよいよ「Nyash で書く」段階へ（Self‑Hosting 実装の着手）：
+  1) ParserBox 拡張（Stage‑2 の堅牢化・回帰修正）
+     - 算術/比較/論理/呼出/メソッド/if/else/loop/local/return/new の受理を再確認。
+     - 代入文の正規化（`identifier = expr` → Local/Store）。
+  2) EmitterBox 拡張（JSON v0 の安定化）
+     - `meta.usings` の付与一貫化、配列/Map リテラルの後方対応（将来拡張の下地）。
+  3) 自己ホスト経路で Ny 実装切替のゲート準備（現状は Python MVP 優先を維持）。
+  4) テスト:
+     - `source tools/dev_env.sh pyvm`
+     - `NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1 ./tools/selfhost_stage2_smoke.sh`
+     - `NYASH_VM_USE_PY=1 ./tools/selfhost_stage2_bridge_smoke.sh`
+     - Torture（VM中心）: `(cd tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916 && BACKENDS="vm" NYASH_BIN=../../target/release/nyash bash run_spec_smoke.sh)`
 - Runner/Bridge 実行系
   - `--ny-parser-pipe` は `NYASH_PIPE_USE_PYVM=1` で PyVM に委譲（exit code 判定に統一）。
   - 自己ホスト JSON 生成は Python MVP を優先、LLVM EXE/インラインVMを段階フォールバック。
@@ -44,15 +53,22 @@ Quick Next (today)
 
 Current Status
 - Stage‑2: 自己ホスト → JSON v0 → PyVM の代表スモークは緑（配列/文字列/論理/if/loop）。
-- Stage‑3: 構文受理のみ完了（break/continue/throw/try/catch/finally）。現時点では JSON 降格（no-op/Expr）で安全受理。
-- Runner: `--ny-parser-pipe` で PyVM 委譲（exit code 判定）。自己ホスト JSON は Python MVP/EXE/VM の3段フォールバックで生成可能。
+- Stage‑3: 構文受理のみ完了（break/continue/throw/try/catch/finally）。現時点では JSON 降格（no‑op/Expr）で安全受理。
+- Runner: Using/Resolver を前処理に統合（BoxIndex/キャッシュ/strict）。`--ny-parser-pipe` は PyVM 委譲（exit code 判定）。
+- llvmlite/AOT: Array/Map の基本操作（push/get/set/has/size, length）が NyRT ハンドルAPIで動作。`ny_main` は i64 戻り・`Main.main/1` 優先で起動。
 
 Open
 - Bridge/PHI の正規化: 短絡（入れ子）における merge/PHI incoming を固定化（rhs_end/fall_bb の順序）。
 - JSON v0 の拡張方針: break/continue/try/catch/finally の表現（受け皿設計 or 受理時の事前降下）。
+- per‑plugin meta の反映: `require_prefix/expose_short_names/prefix` を Resolver 挙動へ段階適用（導線は実装済み）。
 - `me` の扱い: MVP は `NYASH_BRIDGE_ME_DUMMY=1` の仮注入を継続（将来撤去）。
 - LLVM 直結（任意）: JSON v0 → LLVM の導線追加は後回し。
 
+- NyRT 整頓:
+  - FFI ヘルパー化（handles/boxing 正規化）／birth_h→new_i64x 統合／Core Box のプラグイン事前登録／FFI エクスポートのマクロ化。
+- llvmlite 整頓:
+  - boxcall のテーブル駆動化、追加 API（delete/keys/values など）の段階配線。
+
 Plan (to Self‑Hosting)
 1) Phase‑1: Stage‑2 完了＋堅牢化（今ここ）
    - 正常系スモークを自己ホスト直/Bridge（PyVM）で常緑化（追加分を反映済み）。
@@ -157,3 +173,7 @@ Namespaces / Using（現状）
   - `NYASH_RESOLVE_TRACE=1`: 解決手順/キャッシュヒット/未解決候補をログ出力。
 
   - スモークが緑＝基礎健全性確認後に、静的ノイズの除去を安全に一気通貫で行う。
+
+**AOT Quick**
+- Array literal: `NYASH_SYNTAX_SUGAR_LEVEL=basic ./tools/build_llvm.sh tmp/aot_array_literal_main.nyash -o app && ./app`
+- Map literal: `NYASH_SYNTAX_SUGAR_LEVEL=basic NYASH_ENABLE_MAP_LITERAL=1 ./tools/build_llvm.sh tmp/aot_map_literal_main.nyash -o app && ./app`

apps/selfhost-compiler/boxes/parser_box.nyash

@@ -229,7 +229,160 @@ box ParserBox {
   parse_number2(src, i) { local n = src.length() local j = i local cont = 1 local guard = 0 local max = 100000 loop(cont == 1) { if guard > max { cont = 0 } else { guard = guard + 1 if j < n { if me.is_digit(src.substring(j, j+1)) { j = j + 1 } else { cont = 0 } } else { cont = 0 } } } local s = src.substring(i, j) me.gpos_set(j) return "{\"type\":\"Int\",\"value\":" + s + "}" }
   parse_string2(src, i) { local n = src.length() local j = i + 1 local out = "" local guard = 0 local max = 200000 loop(j < n) { if guard > max { break } guard = guard + 1 local ch = src.substring(j, j+1) if ch == "\"" { j = j + 1 me.gpos_set(j) return "{\"type\":\"Str\",\"value\":\"" + me.esc_json(out) + "\"}" } if ch == "\\" && j + 1 < n { local nx = src.substring(j+1, j+2) if nx == "\"" { out = out + "\"" } else { if nx == "\\" { out = out + "\\" } else { out = out + nx } } j = j + 2 } else { out = out + ch j = j + 1 } } me.gpos_set(j) return "{\"type\":\"Str\",\"value\":\"" + me.esc_json(out) + "\"}" }
 
-  parse_factor2(src, i) { local j = me.skip_ws(src, i) local ch = src.substring(j, j+1) if ch == "(" { local inner = me.parse_expr2(src, j + 1) local k = me.gpos_get() k = me.skip_ws(src, k) if src.substring(k, k+1) == ")" { k = k + 1 } me.gpos_set(k) return inner } if ch == "\"" { return me.parse_string2(src, j) } if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "true") == 1 { me.gpos_set(j + 4) return "{\"type\":\"Bool\",\"value\":true}" } if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "false") == 1 { me.gpos_set(j + 5) return "{\"type\":\"Bool\",\"value\":false}" } if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "new") == 1 { local p = me.skip_ws(src, j + 3) local idp = me.read_ident2(src, p) local at = idp.lastIndexOf("@") local cls = idp.substring(0, at) local k = me.to_int(idp.substring(at+1, idp.length())) k = me.skip_ws(src, k) if src.substring(k, k+1) == "(" { k = k + 1 } local args_and_pos = me.parse_args2(src, k) local at2 = args_and_pos.lastIndexOf("@") local args_json = args_and_pos.substring(0, at2) k = me.to_int(args_and_pos.substring(at2+1, args_and_pos.length())) k = me.skip_ws(src, k) if src.substring(k, k+1) == ")" { k = k + 1 } me.gpos_set(k) return "{\"type\":\"New\",\"class\":\"" + cls + "\",\"args\":" + args_json + "}" } if me.is_alpha(ch) { local idp = me.read_ident2(src, j) local at = idp.lastIndexOf("@") local name = idp.substring(0, at) local k = me.to_int(idp.substring(at+1, idp.length())) local node = "{\"type\":\"Var\",\"name\":\"" + name + "\"}" local cont = 1 loop(cont == 1) { k = me.skip_ws(src, k) local tch = src.substring(k, k+1) if tch == "(" { k = k + 1 local args_and_pos = me.parse_args2(src, k) local at2 = args_and_pos.lastIndexOf("@") local args_json = args_and_pos.substring(0, at2) k = me.to_int(args_and_pos.substring(at2+1, args_and_pos.length())) k = me.skip_ws(src, k) if src.substring(k, k+1) == ")" { k = k + 1 } node = "{\"type\":\"Call\",\"name\":\"" + name + "\",\"args\":" + args_json + "}" } else { if tch == "." { k = k + 1 k = me.skip_ws(src, k) local midp = me.read_ident2(src, k) local at3 = midp.lastIndexOf("@") local mname = midp.substring(0, at3) k = me.to_int(midp.substring(at3+1, midp.length())) k = me.skip_ws(src, k) if src.substring(k, k+1) == "(" { k = k + 1 } local args2 = me.parse_args2(src, k) local at4 = args2.lastIndexOf("@") local args_json2 = args2.substring(0, at4) k = me.to_int(args2.substring(at4+1, args2.length())) k = me.skip_ws(src, k) if src.substring(k, k+1) == ")" { k = k + 1 } node = "{\"type\":\"Method\",\"recv\":" + node + ",\"method\":\"" + mname + "\",\"args\":" + args_json2 + "}" } else { cont = 0 } } } me.gpos_set(k) return node } return me.parse_number2(src, j) }
+  parse_factor2(src, i) {
+    local j = me.skip_ws(src, i)
+    local ch = src.substring(j, j+1)
+    // Parenthesized
+    if ch == "(" {
+      local inner = me.parse_expr2(src, j + 1)
+      local k = me.gpos_get()
+      k = me.skip_ws(src, k)
+      if src.substring(k, k+1) == ")" { k = k + 1 }
+      me.gpos_set(k)
+      return inner
+    }
+    // String literal
+    if ch == "\"" { return me.parse_string2(src, j) }
+    // Map literal: {"k": v, ...} (string keys only) → Call{name:"map.of", args:[Str(k1), v1, Str(k2), v2, ...]}
+    if ch == "{" {
+      local n = src.length()
+      j = j + 1
+      local out = "["
+      local first = 1
+      local cont = 1
+      local guard = 0
+      local max = 400000
+      loop(cont == 1) {
+        if guard > max { cont = 0 } else { guard = guard + 1 }
+        j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
+        if j >= n { cont = 0 } else {
+          if src.substring(j, j+1) == "}" { j = j + 1 cont = 0 } else {
+            // key (string only for Stage-2)
+            if src.substring(j, j+1) != "\"" {
+              // degrade by skipping one char to avoid infinite loop
+              j = j + 1
+              continue
+            }
+            local key_raw = me.read_string_lit(src, j)
+            j = me.gpos_get()
+            j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
+            if src.substring(j, j+1) == ":" { j = j + 1 }
+            j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
+            local val_json = me.parse_expr2(src, j)
+            j = me.gpos_get()
+            local key_json = "{\"type\":\"Str\",\"value\":\"" + me.esc_json(key_raw) + "\"}"
+            if first == 1 { out = out + key_json + "," + val_json first = 0 } else { out = out + "," + key_json + "," + val_json }
+            // optional comma
+            local before2 = j
+            j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
+            if j < n && src.substring(j, j+1) == "," { j = j + 1 }
+            // progress guard (in case of malformed input)
+            if j <= before2 { if j < n { j = j + 1 } else { j = n } }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      out = out + "]"
+      me.gpos_set(j)
+      return "{\"type\":\"Call\",\"name\":\"map.of\",\"args\":" + out + "}"
+    }
+    // Array literal: [e1, e2, ...] → Call{name:"array.of", args:[...]}
+    if ch == "[" {
+      local n = src.length()
+      j = j + 1
+      local out = "["
+      local first = 1
+      local cont = 1
+      local guard = 0
+      local max = 400000
+      loop(cont == 1) {
+        if guard > max { cont = 0 } else { guard = guard + 1 }
+        j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
+        if j >= n { cont = 0 } else {
+          if src.substring(j, j+1) == "]" { j = j + 1 cont = 0 } else {
+            local before = j
+            local ej = me.parse_expr2(src, j)
+            j = me.gpos_get()
+            if first == 1 { out = out + ej first = 0 } else { out = out + "," + ej }
+            // optional comma+whitespace
+            local before2 = j
+            j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
+            if j < n && src.substring(j, j+1) == "," { j = j + 1 }
+            // progress guard
+            if j <= before { if j < n { j = j + 1 } else { j = n } }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      out = out + "]"
+      me.gpos_set(j)
+      return "{\"type\":\"Call\",\"name\":\"array.of\",\"args\":" + out + "}"
+    }
+    // true/false
+    if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "true") == 1 { me.gpos_set(j + 4) return "{\"type\":\"Bool\",\"value\":true}" }
+    if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "false") == 1 { me.gpos_set(j + 5) return "{\"type\":\"Bool\",\"value\":false}" }
+    // new Class(args)
+    if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "new") == 1 {
+      local p = me.skip_ws(src, j + 3)
+      local idp = me.read_ident2(src, p)
+      local at = idp.lastIndexOf("@")
+      local cls = idp.substring(0, at)
+      local k = me.to_int(idp.substring(at+1, idp.length()))
+      k = me.skip_ws(src, k)
+      if src.substring(k, k+1) == "(" { k = k + 1 }
+      local args_and_pos = me.parse_args2(src, k)
+      local at2 = args_and_pos.lastIndexOf("@")
+      local args_json = args_and_pos.substring(0, at2)
+      k = me.to_int(args_and_pos.substring(at2+1, args_and_pos.length()))
+      k = me.skip_ws(src, k)
+      if src.substring(k, k+1) == ")" { k = k + 1 }
+      me.gpos_set(k)
+      return "{\"type\":\"New\",\"class\":\"" + cls + "\",\"args\":" + args_json + "}"
+    }
+    // Identifier / Call / Method chain
+    if me.is_alpha(ch) {
+      local idp = me.read_ident2(src, j)
+      local at = idp.lastIndexOf("@")
+      local name = idp.substring(0, at)
+      local k = me.to_int(idp.substring(at+1, idp.length()))
+      local node = "{\"type\":\"Var\",\"name\":\"" + name + "\"}"
+      local cont2 = 1
+      loop(cont2 == 1) {
+        k = me.skip_ws(src, k)
+        local tch = src.substring(k, k+1)
+        if tch == "(" {
+          k = k + 1
+          local args_and_pos = me.parse_args2(src, k)
+          local at2 = args_and_pos.lastIndexOf("@")
+          local args_json = args_and_pos.substring(0, at2)
+          k = me.to_int(args_and_pos.substring(at2+1, args_and_pos.length()))
+          k = me.skip_ws(src, k)
+          if src.substring(k, k+1) == ")" { k = k + 1 }
+          node = "{\"type\":\"Call\",\"name\":\"" + name + "\",\"args\":" + args_json + "}"
+        } else {
+          if tch == "." {
+            k = k + 1
+            k = me.skip_ws(src, k)
+            local midp = me.read_ident2(src, k)
+            local at3 = midp.lastIndexOf("@")
+            local mname = midp.substring(0, at3)
+            k = me.to_int(midp.substring(at3+1, midp.length()))
+            k = me.skip_ws(src, k)
+            if src.substring(k, k+1) == "(" { k = k + 1 }
+            local args2 = me.parse_args2(src, k)
+            local at4 = args2.lastIndexOf("@")
+            local args_json2 = args2.substring(0, at4)
+            k = me.to_int(args2.substring(at4+1, args2.length()))
+            k = me.skip_ws(src, k)
+            if src.substring(k, k+1) == ")" { k = k + 1 }
+            node = "{\"type\":\"Method\",\"recv\":" + node + ",\"method\":\"" + mname + "\",\"args\":" + args_json2 + "}"
+          } else { cont2 = 0 }
+        }
+      }
+      me.gpos_set(k)
+      return node
+    }
+    // Fallback: number
+    return me.parse_number2(src, j)
+  }
   // unary minus binds tighter than * /
   parse_unary2(src, i) {
     local j = me.skip_ws(src, i)
@@ -392,6 +545,73 @@ box ParserBox {
       me.gpos_set(j)
       return "{\"type\":\"Loop\",\"cond\":" + cond + ",\"body\":" + body_json + "}"
     }
+    // Stage-3 acceptance (syntax only): break / continue → no-op expression
+    if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "break") == 1 {
+      j = j + 5
+      if j <= stmt_start { if j < src.length() { j = j + 1 } else { j = src.length() } }
+      me.gpos_set(j)
+      return "{\"type\":\"Expr\",\"expr\":{\"type\":\"Int\",\"value\":0}}"
+    }
+    if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "continue") == 1 {
+      j = j + 8
+      if j <= stmt_start { if j < src.length() { j = j + 1 } else { j = src.length() } }
+      me.gpos_set(j)
+      return "{\"type\":\"Expr\",\"expr\":{\"type\":\"Int\",\"value\":0}}"
+    }
+    // Stage-3 acceptance: throw expr → degrade to Expr(expr)
+    if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "throw") == 1 {
+      j = j + 5
+      j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
+      local e_throw = me.parse_expr2(src, j)
+      j = me.gpos_get()
+      if j <= stmt_start { if j < src.length() { j = j + 1 } else { j = src.length() } }
+      me.gpos_set(j)
+      return "{\"type\":\"Expr\",\"expr\":" + e_throw + "}"
+    }
+    // Stage-3 acceptance: try { ... } (catch ...)* (finally { ... })? → degrade to no-op (syntax only)
+    if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "try") == 1 {
+      j = j + 3
+      j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
+      // parse try block
+      local try_res = me.parse_block2(src, j)
+      local at_t = try_res.lastIndexOf("@")
+      j = me.to_int(try_res.substring(at_t+1, try_res.length()))
+      // zero or more catch
+      local guard_ct = 0
+      local max_ct = 100
+      local cont_ct = 1
+      loop(cont_ct == 1) {
+        if guard_ct > max_ct { cont_ct = 0 } else { guard_ct = guard_ct + 1 }
+        j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
+        if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "catch") == 1 {
+          j = j + 5
+          j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
+          if src.substring(j, j+1) == "(" { j = j + 1 j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
+            // optional type + name
+            if me.is_alpha(src.substring(j, j+1)) { local id1 = me.read_ident2(src, j) local at1 = id1.lastIndexOf("@") j = me.to_int(id1.substring(at1+1, id1.length())) j = me.skip_ws(src, j) }
+            if me.is_alpha(src.substring(j, j+1)) { local id2 = me.read_ident2(src, j) local at2 = id2.lastIndexOf("@") j = me.to_int(id2.substring(at2+1, id2.length())) j = me.skip_ws(src, j) }
+            if src.substring(j, j+1) == ")" { j = j + 1 }
+          }
+          j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
+          // catch body
+          local c_res = me.parse_block2(src, j)
+          local atc = c_res.lastIndexOf("@")
+          j = me.to_int(c_res.substring(atc+1, c_res.length()))
+        } else { cont_ct = 0 }
+      }
+      // optional finally
+      j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
+      if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "finally") == 1 {
+        j = j + 7
+        j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
+        local f_res = me.parse_block2(src, j)
+        local atf = f_res.lastIndexOf("@")
+        j = me.to_int(f_res.substring(atf+1, f_res.length()))
+      }
+      if j <= stmt_start { if j < src.length() { j = j + 1 } else { j = src.length() } }
+      me.gpos_set(j)
+      return "{\"type\":\"Expr\",\"expr\":{\"type\":\"Int\",\"value\":0}}"
+    }
     // Fallback: expression or unknown token — ensure progress even on malformed input
     local expr_start = j
     local e = me.parse_expr2(src, j)
@@ -473,70 +693,3 @@ box ParserBox {
 }
 
 static box ParserStub { main(args) { return 0 } }
-    // Stage-3 acceptance (syntax only): break / continue → no-op expression
-    if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "break") == 1 {
-      j = j + 5
-      if j <= stmt_start { if j < src.length() { j = j + 1 } else { j = src.length() } }
-      me.gpos_set(j)
-      return "{\"type\":\"Expr\",\"expr\":{\"type\":\"Int\",\"value\":0}}"
-    }
-    if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "continue") == 1 {
-      j = j + 8
-      if j <= stmt_start { if j < src.length() { j = j + 1 } else { j = src.length() } }
-      me.gpos_set(j)
-      return "{\"type\":\"Expr\",\"expr\":{\"type\":\"Int\",\"value\":0}}"
-    }
-    // Stage-3 acceptance: throw expr → degrade to Expr(expr)
-    if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "throw") == 1 {
-      j = j + 5
-      j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
-      local e_throw = me.parse_expr2(src, j)
-      j = me.gpos_get()
-      if j <= stmt_start { if j < src.length() { j = j + 1 } else { j = src.length() } }
-      me.gpos_set(j)
-      return "{\"type\":\"Expr\",\"expr\":" + e_throw + "}"
-    }
-    // Stage-3 acceptance: try { ... } (catch ...)* (finally { ... })? → degrade to no-op (syntax only)
-    if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "try") == 1 {
-      j = j + 3
-      j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
-      // parse try block
-      local try_res = me.parse_block2(src, j)
-      local at_t = try_res.lastIndexOf("@")
-      j = me.to_int(try_res.substring(at_t+1, try_res.length()))
-      // zero or more catch
-      local guard_ct = 0
-      local max_ct = 100
-      local cont_ct = 1
-      loop(cont_ct == 1) {
-        if guard_ct > max_ct { cont_ct = 0 } else { guard_ct = guard_ct + 1 }
-        j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
-        if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "catch") == 1 {
-          j = j + 5
-          j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
-          if src.substring(j, j+1) == "(" { j = j + 1 j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
-            // optional type + name
-            if me.is_alpha(src.substring(j, j+1)) { local id1 = me.read_ident2(src, j) local at1 = id1.lastIndexOf("@") j = me.to_int(id1.substring(at1+1, id1.length())) j = me.skip_ws(src, j) }
-            if me.is_alpha(src.substring(j, j+1)) { local id2 = me.read_ident2(src, j) local at2 = id2.lastIndexOf("@") j = me.to_int(id2.substring(at2+1, id2.length())) j = me.skip_ws(src, j) }
-            if src.substring(j, j+1) == ")" { j = j + 1 }
-          }
-          j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
-          // catch body
-          local c_res = me.parse_block2(src, j)
-          local atc = c_res.lastIndexOf("@")
-          j = me.to_int(c_res.substring(atc+1, c_res.length()))
-        } else { cont_ct = 0 }
-      }
-      // optional finally
-      j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
-      if me.starts_with_kw(src, j, "finally") == 1 {
-        j = j + 7
-        j = me.skip_ws(src, j)
-        local f_res = me.parse_block2(src, j)
-        local atf = f_res.lastIndexOf("@")
-        j = me.to_int(f_res.substring(atf+1, f_res.length()))
-      }
-      if j <= stmt_start { if j < src.length() { j = j + 1 } else { j = src.length() } }
-      me.gpos_set(j)
-      return "{\"type\":\"Expr\",\"expr\":{\"type\":\"Int\",\"value\":0}}"
-    }

crates/nyrt/src/lib.rs

@@ -545,6 +545,23 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_console_birth_h_export() -> i64 {
     0
 }
 
+
+
+// ArrayBox birth shim for AOT/JIT handle-based creation
+#[export_name = "nyash.array.birth_h"]
+pub extern "C" fn nyash_array_birth_h_export() -> i64 {
+    let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> =
+        std::sync::Arc::new(nyash_rust::boxes::array::ArrayBox::new());
+    nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc) as i64
+}
+
+// MapBox birth shim for AOT/JIT handle-based creation
+#[export_name = "nyash.map.birth_h"]
+pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_birth_h_export() -> i64 {
+    let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> =
+        std::sync::Arc::new(nyash_rust::boxes::map_box::MapBox::new());
+    nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc) as i64
+}
 // ---- Process entry (driver) ----
 #[cfg(not(test))]
 #[no_mangle]

crates/nyrt/src/plugin/map.rs

@@ -63,17 +63,15 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_get_h(handle: i64, key: i64) -> i64 {
 
 // get_hh: (map_handle, key_handle) -> value_handle
 #[export_name = "nyash.map.get_hh"]
-pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_get_hh(handle: i64, key_h: i64) -> i64 {
-    use nyash_rust::{box_trait::NyashBox, jit::rt::handles};
-    if handle <= 0 || key_h <= 0 {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if let (Some(obj), Some(key)) = (handles::get(handle as u64), handles::get(key_h as u64)) {
-        if let Some(map) = obj
-            .as_any()
-            .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::map_box::MapBox>()
-        {
-            let v = map.get(key.clone_box());
+pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_get_hh(handle: i64, key_any: i64) -> i64 {
+    use nyash_rust::{box_trait::{NyashBox, IntegerBox}, jit::rt::handles};
+    if handle <= 0 { return 0; }
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
+        if let Some(map) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::map_box::MapBox>() {
+            let key_box: Box<dyn NyashBox> = if key_any > 0 {
+                if let Some(k) = handles::get(key_any as u64) { k.clone_box() } else { Box::new(IntegerBox::new(key_any)) }
+            } else { Box::new(IntegerBox::new(key_any)) };
+            let v = map.get(key_box);
             let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::from(v);
             let h = handles::to_handle(arc);
             return h as i64;
@@ -82,6 +80,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_get_hh(handle: i64, key_h: i64) -> i64 {
     0
 }
 
+
 // set_h: (map_handle, key_i64, val) -> i64 (ignored/0)
 #[export_name = "nyash.map.set_h"]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_set_h(handle: i64, key: i64, val: i64) -> i64 {
@@ -126,6 +125,44 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_set_h(handle: i64, key: i64, val: i64) -> i64 {
     0
 }
 
+
+// set_hh: (map_handle, key_any: handle or i64, val_any: handle or i64) -> i64
+#[export_name = "nyash.map.set_hh"]
+pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_set_hh(handle: i64, key_any: i64, val_any: i64) -> i64 {
+    use nyash_rust::{box_trait::{NyashBox, IntegerBox}, jit::rt::handles};
+    if handle <= 0 { return 0; }
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
+        if let Some(map) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::map_box::MapBox>() {
+            let kbox: Box<dyn NyashBox> = if key_any > 0 {
+                if let Some(k) = handles::get(key_any as u64) { k.clone_box() } else { Box::new(IntegerBox::new(key_any)) }
+            } else { Box::new(IntegerBox::new(key_any)) };
+            let vbox: Box<dyn NyashBox> = if val_any > 0 {
+                if let Some(v) = handles::get(val_any as u64) { v.clone_box() } else { Box::new(IntegerBox::new(val_any)) }
+            } else { Box::new(IntegerBox::new(val_any)) };
+            let _ = map.set(kbox, vbox);
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    0
+}
+
+// has_hh: (map_handle, key_any: handle or i64) -> i64 (0/1)
+#[export_name = "nyash.map.has_hh"]
+pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_has_hh(handle: i64, key_any: i64) -> i64 {
+    use nyash_rust::{box_trait::{NyashBox, IntegerBox, BoolBox}, jit::rt::handles};
+    if handle <= 0 { return 0; }
+    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
+        if let Some(map) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::map_box::MapBox>() {
+            let kbox: Box<dyn NyashBox> = if key_any > 0 {
+                if let Some(k) = handles::get(key_any as u64) { k.clone_box() } else { Box::new(IntegerBox::new(key_any)) }
+            } else { Box::new(IntegerBox::new(key_any)) };
+            let v = map.has(kbox);
+            if let Some(b) = v.as_any().downcast_ref::<BoolBox>() { return if b.value { 1 } else { 0 }; }
+        }
+    }
+    0
+}
+
 // has_h: (map_handle, key_i64) -> i64 (0/1)
 #[export_name = "nyash.map.has_h"]
 pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_has_h(handle: i64, key: i64) -> i64 {
@@ -139,10 +176,8 @@ pub extern "C" fn nyash_map_has_h(handle: i64, key: i64) -> i64 {
             .downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::map_box::MapBox>()
         {
             let kbox = Box::new(IntegerBox::new(key));
-            let v = map.get(kbox);
-            // Consider present if not VoidBox
-            let present = !v.as_any().is::<nyash_rust::box_trait::VoidBox>();
-            return if present { 1 } else { 0 };
+            let v = map.has(kbox);
+            if let Some(b) = v.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::BoolBox>() { return if b.value { 1 } else { 0 }; }
         }
     }
     0

src/llvm_py/instructions/boxcall.py

@@ -84,6 +84,15 @@ def lower_boxcall(
             vmap[dst_vid] = result
         return
 
+    if method_name == "size":
+        # Map/Array size via any.length_h
+        recv_h = _ensure_handle(builder, module, recv_val)
+        callee = _declare(module, "nyash.any.length_h", i64, [i64])
+        result = builder.call(callee, [recv_h], name="any_size_h")
+        if dst_vid is not None:
+            vmap[dst_vid] = result
+        return
+
     if method_name == "substring":
         # substring(start, end)
         # If receiver is a handle (i64), use handle-based helper; else pointer-based API
@@ -180,23 +189,60 @@ def lower_boxcall(
 
     if method_name == "get":
         # ArrayBox.get(index) → nyash.array.get_h(handle, idx)
+        # MapBox.get(key) → nyash.map.get_hh(handle, key_any)
         recv_h = _ensure_handle(builder, module, recv_val)
         if resolver is not None and preds is not None and block_end_values is not None and bb_map is not None:
-            idx = resolver.resolve_i64(args[0], builder.block, preds, block_end_values, vmap, bb_map) if args else ir.Constant(i64, 0)
+            k = resolver.resolve_i64(args[0], builder.block, preds, block_end_values, vmap, bb_map) if args else ir.Constant(i64, 0)
         else:
-            idx = vmap.get(args[0], ir.Constant(i64, 0)) if args else ir.Constant(i64, 0)
-        callee = _declare(module, "nyash.array.get_h", i64, [i64, i64])
-        res = builder.call(callee, [recv_h, idx], name="arr_get_h")
+            k = vmap.get(args[0], ir.Constant(i64, 0)) if args else ir.Constant(i64, 0)
+        callee_map = _declare(module, "nyash.map.get_hh", i64, [i64, i64])
+        res = builder.call(callee_map, [recv_h, k], name="map_get_hh")
         if dst_vid is not None:
             vmap[dst_vid] = res
-            try:
-                if resolver is not None and hasattr(resolver, 'mark_string'):
-                    # Heuristic: args array often stores strings for CLI; tag as string-ish
-                    resolver.mark_string(dst_vid)
-            except Exception:
-                pass
         return
 
+    if method_name == "push":
+        # ArrayBox.push(val) → nyash.array.push_h(handle, val)
+        recv_h = _ensure_handle(builder, module, recv_val)
+        if resolver is not None and preds is not None and block_end_values is not None and bb_map is not None:
+            v0 = resolver.resolve_i64(args[0], builder.block, preds, block_end_values, vmap, bb_map) if args else ir.Constant(i64, 0)
+        else:
+            v0 = vmap.get(args[0], ir.Constant(i64, 0)) if args else ir.Constant(i64, 0)
+        callee = _declare(module, "nyash.array.push_h", i64, [i64, i64])
+        res = builder.call(callee, [recv_h, v0], name="arr_push_h")
+        if dst_vid is not None:
+            vmap[dst_vid] = res
+        return
+
+    if method_name == "set":
+        # MapBox.set(key, val) → nyash.map.set_hh(handle, key_any, val_any)
+        recv_h = _ensure_handle(builder, module, recv_val)
+        if resolver is not None and preds is not None and block_end_values is not None and bb_map is not None:
+            k = resolver.resolve_i64(args[0], builder.block, preds, block_end_values, vmap, bb_map) if len(args) > 0 else ir.Constant(i64, 0)
+            v = resolver.resolve_i64(args[1], builder.block, preds, block_end_values, vmap, bb_map) if len(args) > 1 else ir.Constant(i64, 0)
+        else:
+            k = vmap.get(args[0], ir.Constant(i64, 0)) if len(args) > 0 else ir.Constant(i64, 0)
+            v = vmap.get(args[1], ir.Constant(i64, 0)) if len(args) > 1 else ir.Constant(i64, 0)
+        callee = _declare(module, "nyash.map.set_hh", i64, [i64, i64, i64])
+        res = builder.call(callee, [recv_h, k, v], name="map_set_hh")
+        if dst_vid is not None:
+            vmap[dst_vid] = res
+        return
+
+    if method_name == "has":
+        # MapBox.has(key) → nyash.map.has_hh(handle, key_any)
+        recv_h = _ensure_handle(builder, module, recv_val)
+        if resolver is not None and preds is not None and block_end_values is not None and bb_map is not None:
+            k = resolver.resolve_i64(args[0], builder.block, preds, block_end_values, vmap, bb_map) if args else ir.Constant(i64, 0)
+        else:
+            k = vmap.get(args[0], ir.Constant(i64, 0)) if args else ir.Constant(i64, 0)
+        callee = _declare(module, "nyash.map.has_hh", i64, [i64, i64])
+        res = builder.call(callee, [recv_h, k], name="map_has_hh")
+        if dst_vid is not None:
+            vmap[dst_vid] = res
+        return
+
+
     if method_name in ("print", "println", "log"):
         # Console mapping (prefer pointer-API when possible to avoid handle registry mismatch)
         use_ptr = False

src/llvm_py/instructions/newbox.py

@@ -29,9 +29,22 @@ def lower_newbox(
         vmap: Value map
         resolver: Optional resolver for type handling
     """
-    # Use NyRT shim: nyash.env.box.new(type_name: i8*) -> i64
+    # Use NyRT shim: prefer birth_h for core boxes, otherwise env.box.new_i64x
     i64 = ir.IntType(64)
     i8p = ir.IntType(8).as_pointer()
+    # Core fast paths
+    if box_type in ("ArrayBox", "MapBox"):
+        birth_name = "nyash.array.birth_h" if box_type == "ArrayBox" else "nyash.map.birth_h"
+        birth = None
+        for f in module.functions:
+            if f.name == birth_name:
+                birth = f
+                break
+        if not birth:
+            birth = ir.Function(module, ir.FunctionType(i64, []), name=birth_name)
+        handle = builder.call(birth, [], name=f"birth_{box_type}")
+        vmap[dst_vid] = handle
+        return
     # Prefer variadic shim: nyash.env.box.new_i64x(type_name, argc, a1, a2, a3, a4)
     new_i64x = None
     for f in module.functions:

src/llvm_py/llvm_builder.py

@@ -110,35 +110,64 @@ class NyashLLVMBuilder:
 
         # Create ny_main wrapper if necessary
         has_ny_main = any(f.name == 'ny_main' for f in self.module.functions)
-        main_fn = None
+        # Prefer static box entry: Main.main/1; fallback to plain main (0-arity)
+        fn_main_box = None
+        fn_main_plain = None
         for f in self.module.functions:
-            if f.name == 'main':
-                main_fn = f
-                break
-        if main_fn is not None:
-            # Hide the user main to avoid conflict with NyRT's main symbol
+            if f.name == 'Main.main/1':
+                fn_main_box = f
+            elif f.name == 'main':
+                fn_main_plain = f
+        target_fn = fn_main_box or fn_main_plain
+        if target_fn is not None and not has_ny_main:
+            # Hide the target to avoid symbol conflicts
             try:
-                main_fn.linkage = 'private'
+                target_fn.linkage = 'private'
             except Exception:
                 pass
-            if not has_ny_main:
-                # i32 ny_main() { return (i32) main(); }
-                ny_main_ty = ir.FunctionType(self.i32, [])
-                ny_main = ir.Function(self.module, ny_main_ty, name='ny_main')
-                entry = ny_main.append_basic_block('entry')
-                b = ir.IRBuilder(entry)
-                if len(main_fn.args) == 0:
-                    rv = b.call(main_fn, [], name='call_user_main')
+            # i32 ny_main() { return (i32) Main.main(args) | main(); }
+            ny_main_ty = ir.FunctionType(self.i64, [])
+            ny_main = ir.Function(self.module, ny_main_ty, name='ny_main')
+            entry = ny_main.append_basic_block('entry')
+            b = ir.IRBuilder(entry)
+            if fn_main_box is not None:
+                # Build default args = new ArrayBox() via nyash.env.box.new_i64x
+                i64 = self.i64
+                i8 = self.i8
+                i8p = self.i8p
+                # Declare callee
+                callee = None
+                for f in self.module.functions:
+                    if f.name == 'nyash.env.box.new_i64x':
+                        callee = f
+                        break
+                if callee is None:
+                    callee = ir.Function(self.module, ir.FunctionType(i64, [i8p, i64, i64, i64, i64, i64]), name='nyash.env.box.new_i64x')
+                # Create "ArrayBox\0" global
+                sbytes = b"ArrayBox\0"
+                arr_ty = ir.ArrayType(i8, len(sbytes))
+                g = ir.GlobalVariable(self.module, arr_ty, name='.ny_main_arraybox')
+                g.linkage = 'private'
+                g.global_constant = True
+                g.initializer = ir.Constant(arr_ty, bytearray(sbytes))
+                c0 = ir.Constant(self.i32, 0)
+                ptr = b.gep(g, [c0, c0], inbounds=True)
+                zero = ir.Constant(i64, 0)
+                args_handle = b.call(callee, [ptr, zero, zero, zero, zero, zero], name='ny_main_args')
+                rv = b.call(fn_main_box, [args_handle], name='call_Main_main_1')
+            else:
+                # Plain main() fallback
+                if len(fn_main_plain.args) == 0:
+                    rv = b.call(fn_main_plain, [], name='call_user_main')
                 else:
-                    # If signature mismatches, return 0
                     rv = ir.Constant(self.i64, 0)
-                if hasattr(rv, 'type') and isinstance(rv.type, ir.IntType) and rv.type.width != 32:
-                    rv32 = b.trunc(rv, self.i32) if rv.type.width > 32 else b.zext(rv, self.i32)
-                    b.ret(rv32)
-                elif hasattr(rv, 'type') and isinstance(rv.type, ir.IntType) and rv.type.width == 32:
-                    b.ret(rv)
-                else:
-                    b.ret(ir.Constant(self.i32, 0))
+            if hasattr(rv, 'type') and isinstance(rv.type, ir.IntType) and rv.type.width != 32:
+                rv64 = b.trunc(rv, self.i64) if rv.type.width > 64 else b.zext(rv, self.i64)
+                b.ret(rv64)
+            elif hasattr(rv, 'type') and isinstance(rv.type, ir.IntType) and rv.type.width == 64:
+                b.ret(rv)
+            else:
+                b.ret(ir.Constant(self.i64, 0))
         
         ir_text = str(self.module)
         # Optional IR dump to file for debugging
@@ -159,7 +188,7 @@ class NyashLLVMBuilder:
     
     def _create_dummy_main(self) -> str:
         """Create dummy ny_main that returns 0"""
-        ny_main_ty = ir.FunctionType(self.i32, [])
+        ny_main_ty = ir.FunctionType(self.i64, [])
         ny_main = ir.Function(self.module, ny_main_ty, name="ny_main")
         block = ny_main.append_basic_block(name="entry")
         builder = ir.IRBuilder(block)

src/runner/json_v0_bridge.rs

@@ -202,7 +202,45 @@ fn lower_expr(f: &mut MirFunction, cur_bb: BasicBlockId, e: &ExprV0) -> Result<(
             Ok((out, merge_bb))
         }
         ExprV0::Call { name, args } => {
-            // Fallback: no vars context; treat as normal call
+            // Special: array literal lowering — Call{name:"array.of", args:[...]} → new ArrayBox(); push(...); result=array
+            if name == "array.of" {
+                // Create array first
+                let arr = f.next_value_id();
+                if let Some(bb) = f.get_block_mut(cur_bb) {
+                    bb.add_instruction(MirInstruction::NewBox { dst: arr, box_type: "ArrayBox".into(), args: vec![] });
+                }
+                // For each element: eval then push
+                let mut cur = cur_bb;
+                for e in args {
+                    let (v, c) = lower_expr(f, cur, e)?; cur = c;
+                    let tmp = f.next_value_id();
+                    if let Some(bb) = f.get_block_mut(cur) {
+                        bb.add_instruction(MirInstruction::BoxCall { dst: Some(tmp), box_val: arr, method: "push".into(), method_id: None, args: vec![v], effects: EffectMask::READ });
+                    }
+                }
+                return Ok((arr, cur));
+            }
+            // Special: map literal lowering — Call{name:"map.of", args:[k1, v1, k2, v2, ...]} → new MapBox(); set(k,v)...; result=map
+            if name == "map.of" {
+                let mapv = f.next_value_id();
+                if let Some(bb) = f.get_block_mut(cur_bb) {
+                    bb.add_instruction(MirInstruction::NewBox { dst: mapv, box_type: "MapBox".into(), args: vec![] });
+                }
+                let mut cur = cur_bb;
+                let mut it = args.iter();
+                while let Some(k) = it.next() {
+                    if let Some(v) = it.next() {
+                        let (kv, cur2) = lower_expr(f, cur, k)?; cur = cur2;
+                        let (vv, cur3) = lower_expr(f, cur, v)?; cur = cur3;
+                        let tmp = f.next_value_id();
+                        if let Some(bb) = f.get_block_mut(cur) {
+                            bb.add_instruction(MirInstruction::BoxCall { dst: Some(tmp), box_val: mapv, method: "set".into(), method_id: None, args: vec![kv, vv], effects: EffectMask::READ });
+                        }
+                    } else { break; }
+                }
+                return Ok((mapv, cur));
+            }
+            // Fallback: treat as normal dynamic call
             let (arg_ids, cur) = lower_args(f, cur_bb, args)?;
             let fun_val = f.next_value_id();
             if let Some(bb) = f.get_block_mut(cur) {
@@ -273,6 +311,42 @@ fn lower_expr_with_vars(
             Err(format!("undefined variable: {}", name))
         }
         ExprV0::Call { name, args } => {
+            // Special: array literal lowering in vars context
+            if name == "array.of" {
+                let arr = f.next_value_id();
+                if let Some(bb) = f.get_block_mut(cur_bb) {
+                    bb.add_instruction(MirInstruction::NewBox { dst: arr, box_type: "ArrayBox".into(), args: vec![] });
+                }
+                let mut cur = cur_bb;
+                for e in args {
+                    let (v, c) = lower_expr_with_vars(f, cur, e, vars)?; cur = c;
+                    let tmp = f.next_value_id();
+                    if let Some(bb) = f.get_block_mut(cur) {
+                        bb.add_instruction(MirInstruction::BoxCall { dst: Some(tmp), box_val: arr, method: "push".into(), method_id: None, args: vec![v], effects: EffectMask::READ });
+                    }
+                }
+                return Ok((arr, cur));
+            }
+            // Special: map literal lowering in vars context
+            if name == "map.of" {
+                let mapv = f.next_value_id();
+                if let Some(bb) = f.get_block_mut(cur_bb) {
+                    bb.add_instruction(MirInstruction::NewBox { dst: mapv, box_type: "MapBox".into(), args: vec![] });
+                }
+                let mut cur = cur_bb;
+                let mut it = args.iter();
+                while let Some(k) = it.next() {
+                    if let Some(v) = it.next() {
+                        let (kv, cur2) = lower_expr_with_vars(f, cur, k, vars)?; cur = cur2;
+                        let (vv, cur3) = lower_expr_with_vars(f, cur, v, vars)?; cur = cur3;
+                        let tmp = f.next_value_id();
+                        if let Some(bb) = f.get_block_mut(cur) {
+                            bb.add_instruction(MirInstruction::BoxCall { dst: Some(tmp), box_val: mapv, method: "set".into(), method_id: None, args: vec![kv, vv], effects: EffectMask::READ });
+                        }
+                    } else { break; }
+                }
+                return Ok((mapv, cur));
+            }
             // Lower args
             let (arg_ids, cur) = lower_args_with_vars(f, cur_bb, args, vars)?;
             // Encode as: const fun_name; call

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/01_ops_assoc.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+# Expect: x=33 / y=33  (left-assoc + explicit coercion via "+")
+# Also verifies numeric-first vs string-first concatenation symmetry.
+local x = "x=" + 11 + 22     # if left-assoc with string + int => "x=1122" OR "x=33"? define spec
+local y = "x=" + (11 + 22)   # force arithmetic then concat => "x=33"
+print(y)                     # authoritative: should be "x=33"

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/02_deep_parens.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+// Expect: 170 (deep parentheses stress)
+// 12 * 15 - 10 = 180 - 10 = 170
+local v = (5 + 7) * (10 + 5) - 10
+print(v)  // 170

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/03_array_map_nested.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+# Expect: 42
+local a = [1, [2, [3, [4, 42]]], {k: [{z: 7}, {z: 9}]}]
+print(a[1][1][1])  # 42 (0-based assumed; adjust if 1-based)

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/04_map_array_mix.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+# Expect: OK:3-hello
+local m = { k: [ "hello", "world" ] }
+m.k.push("!")      # verify method dispatch on nested box
+print("OK:" + 3 + "-" + m.k[0])  # "OK:3-hello"

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/05_string_concat_unicode.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+# Expect: 🐱-9-nyash
+local cat = "🐱"
+local s = cat + "-" + (3*3) + "-" + "nyash"
+print(s)

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/06_control_flow_loopform.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+# Expect: 01234|done
+local i = 0
+while i < 10 {
+  if i == 5 { break }
+  print(i)
+  i = i + 1
+  continue
+}
+print("|done")

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/07_await_nowait_mix.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+# Expect: 3
+# Simulate async using tasks; if runtime not ready, keep as a spec stub.
+nowait t1 = 1 + 2
+print(await t1)

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/08_visibility_access.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+
+# Expect: base:42|sub:99
+box Base {
+    private { x }
+    birth() { me.x = 42 }
+    getX() { return me.x }
+}
+box Sub from Base {
+    getX() { return 99 }  # override
+}
+local b = new Base()
+local s = new Sub()
+print("base:" + b.getX() + "|sub:" + s.getX())

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/09_lambda_closure_scope.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+# Expect: 7
+local x = 7
+local f = () => { return x }
+local x = 9   # shadow after closure creation should not affect captured value
+print(f())

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/10_match_result_early_return.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+# Expect: ok:42
+box Result {
+  private { ok, val }
+  birth(ok, val) { me.ok = ok; me.val = val }
+  isOk() { return me.ok }
+  get() { return me.val }
+}
+fn check(n) {
+  if n < 0 { return new Result(false, 0) }
+  return new Result(true, n*2)
+}
+local r = check(21)
+if r.isOk() {
+  print("ok:" + r.get())
+} else {
+  print("err")
+}

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+
+# Nyash Syntax Torture (10 minimal repros)
+Date: 2025-09-16
+
+Purpose: stress parser → AST → MIR(Core-13/PURE) → Interpreter/VM/LLVM(AOT) consistency.
+Each test is **one phenomenon per file**, tiny and deterministic.
+
+## How to run (suggested)
+```
+# 1) Run all modes and compare outputs
+bash run_spec_smoke.sh
+
+# 2) PURE mode (surface MIR violations):
+NYASH_MIR_CORE13_PURE=1 bash run_spec_smoke.sh
+
+# 3) Extra logging when a case fails:
+NYASH_VM_STATS=1 NYASH_VM_STATS_JSON=1 NYASH_VM_DEBUG_BOXCALL=1 bash run_spec_smoke.sh
+# For LLVM diagnostics (when applicable):
+# NYASH_LLVM_VINVOKE_TRACE=1 NYASH_LLVM_VINVOKE_PREFER_I64=1 bash run_spec_smoke.sh
+```
+
+## Expected outputs (goldens)
+We deliberately **print a single line** per test to make diffing trivial.
+See inline comments in each `*.nyash`.
+
+## File list
+1. 01_ops_assoc.nyash – operator associativity & coercion order  
+2. 02_deep_parens.nyash – deep parentheses & arithmetic nesting  
+3. 03_array_map_nested.nyash – nested array/map literal & access  
+4. 04_map_array_mix.nyash – object/array cross indexing & updates  
+5. 05_string_concat_unicode.nyash – string/number/Unicode concatenation  
+6. 06_control_flow_loopform.nyash – break/continue/dispatch shape  
+7. 07_await_nowait_mix.nyash – nowait/await interleave determinism  
+8. 08_visibility_access.nyash – private/public & override routing  
+9. 09_lambda_closure_scope.nyash – closure capture & shadowing  
+10. 10_match_result_early_return.nyash – early return vs. branch merge
+
+## CI hint
+- Add this suite **before** your self-host smokes:
+  - `make spec-smoke` -> `make smoke-selfhost`
+- Fail fast on any diff across Interpreter/VM/LLVM.

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/_out/01_ops_assoc.nyash.interp.out.norm

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x=33

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/_out/01_ops_assoc.nyash.vm.out.norm

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x=33

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/development/debug_hang_issue/test.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+START

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/run_spec_smoke.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+NYASH_BIN=${NYASH_BIN:-./target/release/nyash}
+BACKENDS=${BACKENDS:-"interp vm llvm"}   # choose subset: "interp vm", etc.
+OUTDIR=${OUTDIR:-_out}
+mkdir -p "$OUTDIR"
+
+fail=0
+
+normalize_file () {
+  local infile="$1"; local outfile="$2"
+  # Drop runner/interpreter noise; keep only program prints
+  local tmp="$outfile.tmp"
+  rg -v -e '^📝' -e '^🚀' -e '^✅' -e '^🔍' -e '^🔌' \
+        -e '^\[plugin-loader\]' -e '^\[Bridge\]' \
+        -e '^Result(Type)?' -e '^MIR Module' \
+        -e '^; ' -e '^;MIR' "$infile" > "$tmp" || true
+  # Keep last non-empty line as canonical output
+  awk 'NF{last=$0} END{if (last) print last;}' "$tmp" > "$outfile" || true
+  rm -f "$tmp"
+}
+
+run_one () {
+  local file="$1"
+  local mode="$2"
+  local out="$OUTDIR/$(basename "$file").$mode.out"
+  case "$mode" in
+    interp) "$NYASH_BIN" "$file" > "$out" ;;
+    vm)     "$NYASH_BIN" --backend vm "$file" > "$out" ;;
+    llvm)
+      # Requires LLVM features and NYASH_LLVM_OBJ_OUT env; emit and run
+      local obj="$OUTDIR/nyash_llvm_temp.o"
+      NYASH_LLVM_OBJ_OUT="$obj" "$NYASH_BIN" --backend llvm "$file" >/dev/null
+      cc "$obj" -L crates/nyrt/target/release -Wl,--whole-archive -lnyrt -Wl,--no-whole-archive -lpthread -ldl -lm -o "$OUTDIR/app_$(basename "$file" .nyash)"
+      "$OUTDIR/app_$(basename "$file" .nyash)" > "$out"
+      ;;
+    *) echo "Unknown mode: $mode" >&2; return 2;;
+  esac
+  # Normalize
+  normalize_file "$out" "$out.norm"
+}
+
+compare_modes () {
+  local file="$1"
+  local modes=($BACKENDS)
+  local ref="${modes[0]}"
+  for m in "${modes[@]}"; do
+    run_one "$file" "$m"
+  done
+  local refout="$OUTDIR/$(basename "$file").$ref.out.norm"
+  for m in "${modes[@]:1}"; do
+    local out="$OUTDIR/$(basename "$file").$m.out.norm"
+    if ! diff -u "$refout" "$out"; then
+      echo "[DIFF] $(basename "$file") ($ref vs $m) differs" >&2
+      fail=1
+    fi
+  done
+}
+
+main () {
+  local tests=( $(ls -1 tests/syntax_torture/*.nyash 2>/dev/null || true) )
+  if [ ${#tests[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
+    # fallback: assume running inside this folder
+    tests=( $(ls -1 ./*.nyash) )
+  fi
+
+  for t in "${tests[@]}"; do
+    echo "==> $(basename "$t")"
+    compare_modes "$t"
+  done
+
+  if [ $fail -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "Some tests differ across backends." >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  echo "All tests matched across selected backends."
+}
+
+main "$@"

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/tests/syntax_torture/01_ops_assoc.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+# Expect: x=33 / y=33  (left-assoc + explicit coercion via "+")
+# Also verifies numeric-first vs string-first concatenation symmetry.
+local x = "x=" + 11 + 22     # if left-assoc with string + int => "x=1122" OR "x=33"? define spec
+local y = "x=" + (11 + 22)   # force arithmetic then concat => "x=33"
+print(y)                     # authoritative: should be "x=33"

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/tests/syntax_torture/02_deep_parens.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+# Expect: 170
+local v = (((((((((5 + 7) * 4) + 2) * 3) + 1) * 2) + 5))))
+print(v)  # 170

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/tests/syntax_torture/03_array_map_nested.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+
+# Expect: 42
+local a = [1, [2, [3, [4, 42]]], {k: [{z: 7}, {z: 9}]}]
+print(a[1][1][1])  # 42 (0-based assumed; adjust if 1-based)

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/tests/syntax_torture/04_map_array_mix.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+# Expect: OK:3-hello
+local m = { k: [ "hello", "world" ] }
+m.k.push("!")      # verify method dispatch on nested box
+print("OK:" + 3 + "-" + m.k[0])  # "OK:3-hello"

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/tests/syntax_torture/05_string_concat_unicode.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+# Expect: 🐱-9-nyash
+local cat = "🐱"
+local s = cat + "-" + (3*3) + "-" + "nyash"
+print(s)

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/tests/syntax_torture/06_control_flow_loopform.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+# Expect: 01234|done
+local i = 0
+while i < 10 {
+  if i == 5 { break }
+  print(i)
+  i = i + 1
+  continue
+}
+print("|done")

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/tests/syntax_torture/07_await_nowait_mix.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+
+# Expect: 3
+# Simulate async using tasks; if runtime not ready, keep as a spec stub.
+nowait t1 = 1 + 2
+print(await t1)

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/tests/syntax_torture/08_visibility_access.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+
+# Expect: base:42|sub:99
+box Base {
+    private { x }
+    birth() { me.x = 42 }
+    getX() { return me.x }
+}
+box Sub from Base {
+    getX() { return 99 }  # override
+}
+local b = new Base()
+local s = new Sub()
+print("base:" + b.getX() + "|sub:" + s.getX())

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/tests/syntax_torture/09_lambda_closure_scope.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+# Expect: 7
+local x = 7
+local f = () => { return x }
+local x = 9   # shadow after closure creation should not affect captured value
+print(f())

tests/nyash_syntax_torture_20250916/tests/syntax_torture/10_match_result_early_return.nyash

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+# Expect: ok:42
+box Result {
+  private { ok, val }
+  birth(ok, val) { me.ok = ok; me.val = val }
+  isOk() { return me.ok }
+  get() { return me.val }
+}
+fn check(n) {
+  if n < 0 { return new Result(false, 0) }
+  return new Result(true, n*2)
+}
+local r = check(21)
+if r.isOk() {
+  print("ok:" + r.get())
+} else {
+  print("err")
+}

tools/ny_parser_mvp.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ Grammar (subset):
   term     := unary (('*'|'/') unary)*
   unary    := '-' unary | factor
   factor   := INT | STRING | IDENT call_tail* | '(' expr ')' | 'new' IDENT '(' args? ')'
+            | '{' map_entries? '}'               # map literal (string keys only)
   call_tail:= '.' IDENT '(' args? ')'   # method
             | '(' args? ')'             # function call
   args     := expr (',' expr)*
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ def lex(s: str):
         # two-char ops
         if s.startswith('==', i) or s.startswith('!=', i) or s.startswith('<=', i) or s.startswith('>=', i) or s.startswith('&&', i) or s.startswith('||', i):
             out.append(Tok('OP2', s[i:i+2], i)); i+=2; continue
-        if c in '+-*/(){}.,<>=':
+        if c in '+-*/(){}.,<>=[]:':
             out.append(Tok(c, c, i)); i+=1; continue
         if c=='"':
             j=i+1; buf=[]
@@ -144,6 +145,31 @@ class P:
         if self.eat('STR'): return {"type":"Str","value":tok.val}
         if self.eat('('):
             e=self.expr(); self.expect(')'); return e
+        # Array literal: [e1, e2, ...] → Call{name:"array.of", args:[...]}
+        if self.eat('['):
+            args=[]
+            if self.cur().kind != ']':
+                args.append(self.expr())
+                while self.eat(','):
+                    args.append(self.expr())
+            self.expect(']')
+            return {"type":"Call","name":"array.of","args":args}
+        # Map literal: {"k": v, ...} (string keys only) → Call{name:"map.of", args:[Str(k1), v1, ...]}
+        if self.eat('{'):
+            args=[]
+            if self.cur().kind != '}':
+                # first entry
+                k=self.cur(); self.expect('STR');
+                self.expect(':'); v=self.expr();
+                args.append({"type":"Str","value":k.val}); args.append(v)
+                while self.eat(','):
+                    if self.cur().kind == '}':
+                        break
+                    k=self.cur(); self.expect('STR');
+                    self.expect(':'); v=self.expr();
+                    args.append({"type":"Str","value":k.val}); args.append(v)
+            self.expect('}')
+            return {"type":"Call","name":"map.of","args":args}
         if self.eat('NEW'):
             t=self.cur(); self.expect('IDENT'); self.expect('(')
             args=self.args_opt(); self.expect(')')

tools/selfhost_stage2_bridge_smoke.sh

@@ -110,5 +110,22 @@ NY
 )
 run_case_bridge "assign update (bridge)" "$SRC_ASSIGN" 3
 
+# G) array literal [x,2,3] → size() == 3
+SRC_ALIT=$(cat <<'NY'
+local x = 1
+local arr = [x, 2, 3]
+return arr.size()
+NY
+)
+run_case_bridge "array literal (bridge)" "$SRC_ALIT" 3
+
+# H) map literal {"name":"Alice", "age":25} → size() == 2
+SRC_MLIT=$(cat <<'NY'
+local m = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}
+return m.size()
+NY
+)
+run_case_bridge "map literal (bridge)" "$SRC_MLIT" 2
+
 echo "All selfhost Stage-2 bridge smokes PASS" >&2
 exit 0