diff --git a/docs/development/current/main/10-Now.md b/docs/development/current/main/10-Now.md
index a9832b85..fcdfc288 100644
--- a/docs/development/current/main/10-Now.md
+++ b/docs/development/current/main/10-Now.md
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 # Self Current Task — Now (main)
 
-## Next: Phase 122（予定 / 実装中）
+## Next: Phase 123（予定 / 実装中）
 
-**Phase 122: StepTree→Normalized（if-only 実生成 / dev-only）**
-- Phase 121 は “contract-only shadow parity” まで完了。次は JoinModule（Normalized方言）の実生成へ進める
-- 既定挙動は不変（`joinir_dev_enabled()` のときだけ生成・検証、`joinir_strict_enabled()` で mismatch を Fail-Fast）
-- 入口（計画）: `docs/development/current/main/phases/phase-122/README.md`
+**Phase 123: if-only Normalized semantics（dev-only）**
+- Phase 122 は "JoinModule生成＋構造検証" まで完了。次は if-only を Normalized JoinModule として意味のある内容にする
+- 対応ノード: Return(Integer literal), Return(Variable)禁止, If(cond_ast)最小Compare
+- 既定挙動は不変（`joinir_dev_enabled()` のときだけ生成・検証、`joinir_strict_enabled()` で Fail-Fast）
+- 入口（計画）: `docs/development/current/main/phases/phase-123/README.md`
 
 ## 2025-12-18：Phase 121 完了 ✅
 
diff --git a/docs/development/current/main/30-Backlog.md b/docs/development/current/main/30-Backlog.md
index bd7ada4b..6aa391f2 100644
--- a/docs/development/current/main/30-Backlog.md
+++ b/docs/development/current/main/30-Backlog.md
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ Related:
   - 入口: `docs/development/current/main/phases/phase-94/README.md`
 
 - **制御の再帰合成（docs-only → dev-only段階投入）**
-  - ねらい: `loop/if` ネストの “構造” を SSOT（ControlTree/StepTree）で表せるようにする
+  - ねらい: `loop/if` ネストの "構造" を SSOT（ControlTree/StepTree）で表せるようにする
   - 注意: canonicalizer は観測/構造SSOTまで（ValueId/PHI配線は Normalized 側へ）
-  - 現状: Phase 119–121（StepTree cond SSOT / facts→contract / shadow parity）まで完了
-  - 次候補（Phase 122）: if-only を StepTree→Normalized で実生成（dev-only）し、将来の dual-run の土台を作る
+  - 現状: Phase 119–122（StepTree cond SSOT / facts→contract / shadow parity / JoinModule生成）まで完了
+  - 次候補（Phase 123）: if-only を Normalized semantics で実装（Return literal, If+Compare lowering）
   - 入口: `docs/development/current/main/design/control-tree.md`
 
 ## 中期（ループ在庫の残り）
diff --git a/docs/development/current/main/phases/phase-123/README.md b/docs/development/current/main/phases/phase-123/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bb4d5e71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/development/current/main/phases/phase-123/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+# Phase 123: if-only Normalized Semantics (dev-only)
+
+**Status**: In Progress
+**Started**: 2025-12-18
+**Scope**: if-only patterns with normalized semantics
+
+## Goals
+
+Phase 122 completed "JoinModule generation + structure validation". Phase 123 adds meaningful normalized semantics to if-only patterns.
+
+## Scope
+
+### In-Scope (Phase 123)
+- **Return(Integer literal)**: `return 7` → `Const + Ret(Some(vid))`
+- **Return(Variable)**: Fail-Fast with strict mode (needs reads facts - Phase 124)
+- **If(cond_ast)**: Minimal Compare lowering (`flag == 1`, `i < 3`)
+  - Variable vs Integer literal comparisons only
+  - then/else: Return(Integer literal) only
+  - Merge: `join_k(env)` tail-call (no PHI)
+
+### Out-of-Scope (Future Phases)
+- **Return(Variable)**: Requires reads facts (Phase 124)
+- **Complex conditions**: Compound expressions, &&/||, method calls
+- **Loop/Break/Continue**: Capability insufficient (future)
+
+## Design Principles
+
+- **Box-First**: Modular separation of concerns
+- **Fail-Fast**: No fallbacks, explicit errors with hints
+- **SSOT**: No re-analysis of facts/contracts (use computed values only)
+- **Dev-only**: Default behavior unchanged
+- **Contract-based**: Use contract information, not AST inference
+
+## Node Support (Phase 123)
+
+### Return Nodes
+
+#### Return(Integer literal) - P1
+```
+return 7
+→ Const { dst: v1, value: Integer(7) }
+→ Ret { value: Some(v1) }
+```
+
+#### Return(Variable) - P2 (Fail-Fast)
+```
+return x
+→ freeze_with_hint(
+    "phase123/return/var_unsupported",
+    "Phase 123 only supports return with integer literals",
+    "Add reads fact (Phase 124) or return literal only"
+  )
+```
+
+### If Nodes - P3
+
+#### Minimal Compare Support
+```
+if (flag == 1) {
+  return 2
+} else {
+  return 3
+}
+
+→ Compare { ... }
+→ Branch { ... }
+→ Ret { ... } (in then block)
+→ Ret { ... } (in else block)
+→ join_k(env) (merge continuation)
+```
+
+**Supported comparisons**:
+- `Variable == Integer`
+- `Variable < Integer`
+- `Variable > Integer`
+- `Variable <= Integer`
+- `Variable >= Integer`
+- `Variable != Integer`
+
+**Not supported** (cap_missing):
+- Compound expressions: `a == 1 && b == 2`
+- Method calls: `s.length() == 0`
+- Complex expressions: `a + b == 5`
+
+## Implementation Plan
+
+### P0: docs-only (Plan & Scope)
+
+**Docs**:
+- `docs/development/current/main/phases/phase-123/README.md` (this file)
+- Update `docs/development/current/main/10-Now.md`: Next: Phase 123
+- Update `docs/development/current/main/30-Backlog.md`: Next candidate → Phase 123
+
+**Commit**: `docs: Phase 123 plan (if-only normalized semantics)`
+
+### P1: Return payload (Integer literal)
+
+**Implementation**:
+- `src/mir/control_tree/normalized_shadow/builder.rs`
+  - Return node → `JoinInst::Ret { value: Some(v) }`
+  - Literal(Integer) → `Const` + `Ret(Some(const_vid))`
+  - Other literals → strict `freeze_with_hint` ("Phase 123 integer only")
+
+**Unit tests**:
+- "return 7" generates `Const(Integer 7)` + `Ret(Some(...))`
+
+**Commit**: `feat(control_tree): Phase 123 return integer literal in Normalized if-only`
+
+### P2: Return payload (Variable) - Fail-Fast (A plan)
+
+**Design Decision**:
+- **A plan (recommended)**: Adopted
+- Do not add "reads" to StepTreeFacts
+- Phase 123 does not allow Return(Variable)
+- To support Return(Variable), add reads facts in Phase 124
+
+**Implementation**:
+- `src/mir/control_tree/normalized_shadow/builder.rs`
+  - Return(Variable) → strict `freeze_with_hint(
+      "phase123/return/var_unsupported",
+      "Phase 123 only supports return with integer literals",
+      "Add reads fact (Phase 124) or return literal only"
+    )`
+
+**Unit tests**:
+- Verify strict mode fails with appropriate hint
+
+**Commit**: `feat(control_tree): Phase 123 fail-fast on return variable (needs reads fact)`
+
+### P3: If(cond_ast) minimal lowering
+
+**Implementation**:
+- `src/mir/control_tree/normalized_shadow/builder.rs`
+  - If node:
+    - Parse `cond_ast` as "minimal Compare"
+    - Generate JoinIR Compare instruction
+    - then/else: Return(Integer literal) only (other → strict freeze)
+    - Merge: `join_k(env)` tail-call (no PHI)
+  - Minimal parsing:
+    - `flag == 1` / `i < 3` (Variable vs Integer literal)
+    - Other (compound, &&/||, method call) → cap_missing strict freeze
+
+**Unit tests**:
+- If(true/false equivalent comparison) generates correct then/else structure
+
+**Commit**: `feat(control_tree): Phase 123 if-only compare+return lowering (Normalized, dev-only)`
+
+### P4: integration smoke (dev-only strict)
+
+**Fixture**:
+- `apps/tests/phase123_if_only_return_literal_min.hako` (output: 7)
+
+**Smoke**:
+- `tools/smokes/v2/profiles/integration/apps/phase123_if_only_normalized_semantics_vm.sh`
+  - Target: New fixture
+  - Dev+strict: `NYASH_JOINIR_DEV=1 HAKO_JOINIR_STRICT=1`
+  - Output validation: `output_validator.sh`
+
+**Commit**: `test(joinir): Phase 123 normalized semantics smoke (VM)`
+
+### P5: docs completion
+
+**Docs**:
+- `docs/development/current/main/phases/phase-123/README.md`: Add DONE section
+- `docs/development/current/main/10-Now.md`: Update to Phase 123 complete
+- `docs/development/current/main/01-JoinIR-Selfhost-INDEX.md`: Add Phase 123
+
+**Commit**: `docs: Phase 123 DONE`
+
+## Verification Commands
+
+```bash
+# Unit tests
+cargo test --lib
+
+# Smoke tests
+bash tools/smokes/v2/profiles/integration/apps/phase121_shadow_if_only_vm.sh
+bash tools/smokes/v2/profiles/integration/apps/phase122_if_only_normalized_emit_vm.sh
+bash tools/smokes/v2/profiles/integration/apps/phase118_loop_nested_if_merge_vm.sh
+bash tools/smokes/v2/profiles/integration/apps/phase123_if_only_normalized_semantics_vm.sh
+```
+
+## Node Support Design
+
+### Return(Integer literal)
+- Direct lowering to Const + Ret
+- Single responsibility: literal → instruction generation
+
+### Return(Variable)
+- Fail-Fast with structured error
+- Clear migration path: Phase 124 reads facts
+- No workarounds or fallbacks
+
+### If(cond_ast) - Minimal Compare
+- Parse only simple binary comparisons
+- Variable on left, Integer literal on right
+- Explicit scope: no compound/complex expressions
+- Merge via continuation: `join_k(env)` tail-call
+
+## Success Criteria
+
+- [ ] P0: Docs complete, scope frozen
+- [ ] P1: Return(Integer literal) working with unit tests
+- [ ] P2: Return(Variable) fails fast with hint
+- [ ] P3: If(minimal compare) generates correct JoinIR
+- [ ] P4: Integration smoke passing
+- [ ] P5: Docs updated, Phase 123 recorded as complete
+
+## Progress
+
+- **2025-12-18**: P0 started (docs-only planning)