hakorune/docs/guides/language-guide.md

# Nyash Language Guide

Start here to learn Nyash language basics and find deeper references.

- Syntax Cheat Sheet: quick-reference/syntax-cheatsheet.md
- Full Language Reference (2025): reference/language/LANGUAGE_REFERENCE_2025.md
- Phase 12.7 Grammar (peek / ternary / sugar):
  - Overview: development/roadmap/phases/phase-12.7/grammar-specs/README.md
  - Tokens & Grammar: development/roadmap/phases/phase-12.7/ancp-specs/ANCP-Token-Specification-v1.md
- Sugar transformations (?., ??, |> ...): tools/nyfmt/NYFMT_POC_ROADMAP.md

Common Constructs
- Ternary operator: `cond ? then : else` (Phase 12.7); lowered to If-expression
- Peek expression: `peek value { lit => expr, else => expr }`
- Null-coalesce: `x ?? y` → `peek x { null => y, else => x }`
- Safe access: `a?.b` → `peek a { null => null, else => a.b }`

When you need the implementation details
- Tokenizer: src/tokenizer.rs
- Parser: src/parser/expressions.rs, src/parser/statements.rs
- Lowering to MIR: src/mir/builder/**
🚀 feat: Multiple improvements for Nyash parser and LLVM backend Parser improvements: - Added expression statement fallback in parse_statement() for flexible syntax - Fixed ternary operator to use PeekExpr instead of If AST (better lowering) - Added peek_token() check to avoid ?/?: operator conflicts LLVM Python improvements: - Added optional ESC_JSON_FIX environment flag for string concatenation - Improved PHI generation with better default handling - Enhanced substring tracking for esc_json pattern Documentation updates: - Updated language guide with peek expression examples - Added box theory diagrams to Phase 15 planning - Clarified peek vs when syntax differences These changes enable cleaner parser implementation for self-hosting, especially for handling digit conversion with peek expressions instead of 19-line if-else chains. 🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code) Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com> 2025-09-14 19:16:32 +09:00			`# Nyash Language Guide`

			`Start here to learn Nyash language basics and find deeper references.`

			`- Syntax Cheat Sheet: quick-reference/syntax-cheatsheet.md`
			`- Full Language Reference (2025): reference/language/LANGUAGE_REFERENCE_2025.md`
			`- Phase 12.7 Grammar (peek / ternary / sugar):`
			`- Overview: development/roadmap/phases/phase-12.7/grammar-specs/README.md`
			`- Tokens & Grammar: development/roadmap/phases/phase-12.7/ancp-specs/ANCP-Token-Specification-v1.md`
			`- Sugar transformations (?., ??, \|> ...): tools/nyfmt/NYFMT_POC_ROADMAP.md`

			`Common Constructs`
			- Ternary operator: `cond ? then : else` (Phase 12.7); lowered to If-expression
			- Peek expression: `peek value { lit => expr, else => expr }`
			- Null-coalesce: `x ?? y` → `peek x { null => y, else => x }`
			- Safe access: `a?.b` → `peek a { null => null, else => a.b }`

			`When you need the implementation details`
			`- Tokenizer: src/tokenizer.rs`
			`- Parser: src/parser/expressions.rs, src/parser/statements.rs`
			`- Lowering to MIR: src/mir/builder/**`