hakorune/src/mir/builder/control_flow.rs

//! Control-flow entrypoints (if/loop/try/throw) centralized here.
use super::{Effect, EffectMask, MirInstruction, ValueId};
use crate::ast::ASTNode;

impl super::MirBuilder {
    /// Control-flow: block
    pub(super) fn cf_block(&mut self, statements: Vec<ASTNode>) -> Result<ValueId, String> {
        // identical to build_block; kept here for future policy hooks
        self.build_block(statements)
    }

    /// Control-flow: if
    ///
    /// # Phase 124: JoinIR-Only (hako_check専用化完了)
    ///
    /// If statements are now always routed through the canonical lowering path
    /// (lower_if_form), which internally uses JoinIR-based PHI generation.
    ///
    /// Phase 123 の環境変数による分岐は削除済み。
    pub(super) fn cf_if(
        &mut self,
        condition: ASTNode,
        then_branch: ASTNode,
        else_branch: Option<ASTNode>,
    ) -> Result<ValueId, String> {
        // Phase 124: JoinIR-only path (環境変数分岐削除)
        // lower_if_form は JoinIR ベースの PHI 生成を使用
        self.lower_if_form(condition, then_branch, else_branch)
    }

    /// Control-flow: loop
    ///
    /// # Phase 49: JoinIR Frontend Mainline Integration
    ///
    /// This is the unified entry point for all loop lowering. Specific functions
    /// are routed through JoinIR Frontend instead of the traditional LoopBuilder path
    /// when enabled via dev flags (Phase 49) or Core policy (Phase 80):
    ///
    /// - Core ON (`joinir_core_enabled()`): print_tokens / ArrayExt.filter はまず JoinIR Frontend を試す
    /// - Dev フラグ（既存）:
    ///   - `HAKO_JOINIR_PRINT_TOKENS_MAIN=1`: JsonTokenizer.print_tokens/0
    ///   - `HAKO_JOINIR_ARRAY_FILTER_MAIN=1`: ArrayExtBox.filter/2
    ///
    /// Note: Arity does NOT include implicit `me` receiver.
    pub(super) fn cf_loop(
        &mut self,
        condition: ASTNode,
        body: Vec<ASTNode>,
    ) -> Result<ValueId, String> {
        // Phase 49/80: Try JoinIR Frontend route for mainline targets
        if let Some(result) = self.try_cf_loop_joinir(&condition, &body)? {
            return Ok(result);
        }

        if std::env::var("NYASH_LOOPFORM_DEBUG").is_ok() {
            eprintln!("[cf_loop] CALLED from somewhere");
            eprintln!("[cf_loop] Current stack (simulated): check build_statement vs build_expression_impl");
        }

        // Phase 186: LoopBuilder Hard Freeze - Require explicit legacy mode opt-in
        if !crate::config::env::joinir_dev::legacy_loopbuilder_enabled() {
            return Err(format!(
                "[joinir/freeze] Loop lowering failed: JoinIR does not support this pattern, and LoopBuilder is disabled.\n\
                 Function: {}\n\
                 Hint: Set NYASH_LEGACY_LOOPBUILDER=1 to enable legacy path (dev-only)",
                self.current_function.as_ref().map(|f| f.signature.name.as_str()).unwrap_or("<unknown>")
            ));
        }

        // Delegate to LoopBuilder for consistent handling (legacy path only)
        let mut loop_builder = crate::mir::loop_builder::LoopBuilder::new(self);
        loop_builder.build_loop(condition, body)
    }

    /// Phase 49: Try JoinIR Frontend for mainline integration
    ///
    /// Returns `Ok(Some(value))` if the current function should use JoinIR Frontend,
    /// `Ok(None)` to fall through to the legacy LoopBuilder path.
    ///
    /// # Phase 49-4: Multi-target support
    ///
    /// Targets are enabled via separate dev flags:
    /// - `HAKO_JOINIR_PRINT_TOKENS_MAIN=1`: JsonTokenizer.print_tokens/0
    /// - `HAKO_JOINIR_ARRAY_FILTER_MAIN=1`: ArrayExtBox.filter/2
    ///
    /// Note: Arity in function names does NOT include implicit `me` receiver.
    /// - Instance method `print_tokens()` → `/0` (no explicit params)
    /// - Static method `filter(arr, pred)` → `/2` (two params)
    fn try_cf_loop_joinir(
        &mut self,
        condition: &ASTNode,
        body: &[ASTNode],
    ) -> Result<Option<ValueId>, String> {
        // Get current function name
        let func_name = self
            .current_function
            .as_ref()
            .map(|f| f.signature.name.clone())
            .unwrap_or_default();

        // Phase 49-4 + Phase 80: Multi-target routing
        // - Core ON なら代表2本（print_tokens / ArrayExt.filter）は JoinIR を優先し、失敗したら LoopBuilder へフォールバック
        // - Core OFF では従来通り dev フラグで opt-in
        // Note: Arity does NOT include implicit `me` receiver
        let core_on = crate::config::env::joinir_core_enabled();
        let is_target = match func_name.as_str() {
            "JsonTokenizer.print_tokens/0" => {
                if core_on {
                    true
                } else {
                    std::env::var("HAKO_JOINIR_PRINT_TOKENS_MAIN")
                        .ok()
                        .as_deref()
                        == Some("1")
                }
            }
            "ArrayExtBox.filter/2" => {
                if core_on {
                    true
                } else {
                    std::env::var("HAKO_JOINIR_ARRAY_FILTER_MAIN")
                        .ok()
                        .as_deref()
                        == Some("1")
                }
            }
            _ => false,
        };

        if !is_target {
            return Ok(None);
        }

        // Debug log when routing through JoinIR Frontend
        let debug = std::env::var("NYASH_LOOPFORM_DEBUG").is_ok()
            || std::env::var("NYASH_JOINIR_MAINLINE_DEBUG").is_ok();
        if debug {
            eprintln!(
                "[cf_loop/joinir] Routing {} through JoinIR Frontend mainline",
                func_name
            );
        }

        // Phase 49-3: Implement JoinIR Frontend integration
        self.cf_loop_joinir_impl(condition, body, &func_name, debug)
    }

    /// Phase 49-3: JoinIR Frontend integration implementation
    ///
    /// # Pipeline
    /// 1. Build Loop AST → JSON v0 format (with "defs" array)
    /// 2. AstToJoinIrLowerer::lower_program_json() → JoinModule
    /// 3. convert_join_module_to_mir_with_meta() → MirModule
    /// 4. Merge MIR blocks into current_function
    ///
    /// # Phase 49-4 Note
    ///
    /// JoinIR Frontend expects a complete function definition with:
    /// - local variable initializations
    /// - loop body
    /// - return statement
    ///
    /// Since cf_loop only has access to the loop condition and body,
    /// we construct a minimal JSON v0 wrapper with function name "simple"
    /// to match the JoinIR Frontend's expected pattern.
    fn cf_loop_joinir_impl(
        &mut self,
        condition: &ASTNode,
        body: &[ASTNode],
        func_name: &str,
        debug: bool,
    ) -> Result<Option<ValueId>, String> {
        use super::loop_frontend_binding::LoopFrontendBinding;
        use crate::mir::join_ir::frontend::{AstToJoinIrLowerer, JoinFuncMetaMap};
        use crate::mir::join_ir_vm_bridge::convert_join_module_to_mir_with_meta;
        use crate::mir::types::ConstValue;
        use crate::r#macro::ast_json::ast_to_json;

        // Phase 50: Create appropriate binding based on function name
        let binding = match func_name {
            "JsonTokenizer.print_tokens/0" => LoopFrontendBinding::for_print_tokens(),
            "ArrayExtBox.filter/2" => LoopFrontendBinding::for_array_filter(),
            _ => {
                if debug {
                    eprintln!(
                        "[cf_loop/joinir] No binding defined for {}, falling back",
                        func_name
                    );
                }
                return Ok(None);
            }
        };

        if debug {
            eprintln!(
                "[cf_loop/joinir] Using binding: counter={}, acc={:?}, pattern={:?}",
                binding.counter_var, binding.accumulator_var, binding.pattern
            );
        }

        // Step 1: Convert condition and body to JSON
        let condition_json = ast_to_json(condition);
        let mut body_json: Vec<serde_json::Value> = body.iter().map(|s| ast_to_json(s)).collect();

        // Phase 50: Rename variables in body (e.g., "out" → "acc" for filter)
        binding.rename_body_variables(&mut body_json);

        // Phase 50: Generate Local declarations from binding
        let (i_local, acc_local, n_local) = binding.generate_local_declarations();

        // Phase 52/56: Build params from external_refs
        // Instance methods need `me`, static methods need their parameters (arr, pred, etc.)
        let mut params: Vec<serde_json::Value> = Vec::new();

        // Phase 52: Add 'me' for instance methods
        if binding.needs_me_receiver() {
            if debug {
                eprintln!("[cf_loop/joinir] Adding 'me' to params (instance method)");
            }
            params.push(serde_json::json!("me"));
        }

        // Phase 56: Add external_refs as parameters (arr, pred for filter)
        for ext_ref in &binding.external_refs {
            // Skip "me" and "me.*" as they're handled above
            if ext_ref == "me" || ext_ref.starts_with("me.") {
                continue;
            }
            if debug {
                eprintln!(
                    "[cf_loop/joinir] Adding '{}' to params (external_ref)",
                    ext_ref
                );
            }
            params.push(serde_json::json!(ext_ref));
        }

        // Step 2: Construct JSON v0 format with "defs" array
        // The function is named "simple" to match JoinIR Frontend's pattern matching
        // Phase 50: Include i/acc/n Local declarations to satisfy JoinIR Frontend expectations
        let program_json = serde_json::json!({
            "defs": [
                {
                    "name": "simple",
                    "params": params,
                    "body": {
                        "type": "Block",
                        "body": [
                            // Phase 50: Inject i/acc/n Local declarations
                            i_local,
                            acc_local,
                            n_local,
                            {
                                "type": "Loop",
                                "cond": condition_json,  // JoinIR Frontend expects "cond" not "condition"
                                "body": body_json
                            },
                            // Return the accumulator (or null for side-effect loops)
                            {
                                "type": "Return",
                                "value": { "kind": "Variable", "name": "acc" }
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                }
            ]
        });

        if debug {
            eprintln!(
                "[cf_loop/joinir] Generated JSON v0 for {}: {}",
                func_name,
                serde_json::to_string_pretty(&program_json).unwrap_or_default()
            );
        }

        // Step 3: Lower to JoinIR
        // Phase 49-4: Use catch_unwind for graceful fallback on unsupported patterns
        // The JoinIR Frontend may panic if the loop doesn't match expected patterns
        // (e.g., missing variable initializations like "i must be initialized")
        let join_module = {
            let json_clone = program_json.clone();
            let result = std::panic::catch_unwind(std::panic::AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
                let mut lowerer = AstToJoinIrLowerer::new();
                lowerer.lower_program_json(&json_clone)
            }));

            match result {
                Ok(module) => module,
                Err(e) => {
                    // Extract panic message for debugging
                    let panic_msg = if let Some(s) = e.downcast_ref::<&str>() {
                        s.to_string()
                    } else if let Some(s) = e.downcast_ref::<String>() {
                        s.clone()
                    } else {
                        "unknown panic".to_string()
                    };

                    if debug {
                        eprintln!(
                            "[cf_loop/joinir] JoinIR lowering failed for {}: {}, falling back to legacy",
                            func_name, panic_msg
                        );
                    }
                    // Return None to fall back to legacy LoopBuilder
                    return Ok(None);
                }
            }
        };
        // Phase 49-3 MVP: Use empty meta map (full if-analysis is Phase 40+ territory)
        let join_meta = JoinFuncMetaMap::new();

        if debug {
            eprintln!(
                "[cf_loop/joinir] JoinModule has {} functions, entry={:?}",
                join_module.functions.len(),
                join_module.entry
            );
        }

        // Step 4: Convert JoinModule to MIR
        let mir_module = convert_join_module_to_mir_with_meta(&join_module, &join_meta)
            .map_err(|e| format!("JoinIR→MIR conversion failed: {}", e.message))?;

        if debug {
            eprintln!(
                "[cf_loop/joinir] MirModule has {} functions",
                mir_module.functions.len()
            );
        }

        // Step 5: Merge MIR blocks into current_function
        // For Phase 49-3, we'll use a simplified approach:
        // - Add generated blocks to current_function
        // - Jump from current_block to the entry of generated loop
        // - The loop exit becomes the new current_block
        self.merge_joinir_mir_blocks(&mir_module, debug)?;

        // Return void for now (loop doesn't have a meaningful return value in this context)
        let void_val = self.next_value_id();
        self.emit_instruction(MirInstruction::Const {
            dst: void_val,
            value: ConstValue::Void,
        })?;

        Ok(Some(void_val))
    }

    /// Phase 49-3.2: Merge JoinIR-generated MIR blocks into current_function
    ///
    /// This merges JoinIR-generated blocks by:
    /// 1. Remapping all block IDs to avoid conflicts
    /// 2. Remapping all value IDs to avoid conflicts
    /// 3. Adding all blocks to current_function
    /// 4. Jumping from current_block to the entry block
    /// 5. Converting Return → Jump to exit block
    fn merge_joinir_mir_blocks(
        &mut self,
        mir_module: &crate::mir::MirModule,
        debug: bool,
    ) -> Result<(), String> {
        use crate::mir::{BasicBlock, BasicBlockId, MirInstruction, ValueId};
        use std::collections::HashMap;

        if debug {
            eprintln!(
                "[cf_loop/joinir] merge_joinir_mir_blocks called with {} functions",
                mir_module.functions.len()
            );
        }

        // Get the first (and typically only) function from JoinIR output
        let join_func = mir_module
            .functions
            .values()
            .next()
            .ok_or("JoinIR module has no functions")?;

        if debug {
            eprintln!(
                "[cf_loop/joinir] Merging function with {} blocks, entry={:?}",
                join_func.blocks.len(),
                join_func.entry_block
            );
        }

        // Phase 49-3.2: Block ID and Value ID remapping
        let mut block_map: HashMap<BasicBlockId, BasicBlockId> = HashMap::new();
        let mut value_map: HashMap<ValueId, ValueId> = HashMap::new();

        // 1. Allocate new block IDs for all JoinIR blocks
        for old_block_id in join_func.blocks.keys() {
            let new_block_id = self.block_gen.next();
            block_map.insert(*old_block_id, new_block_id);
            if debug {
                eprintln!(
                    "[cf_loop/joinir]   Block remap: {:?} → {:?}",
                    old_block_id, new_block_id
                );
            }
        }

        // 2. Create exit block for Return conversion
        let exit_block_id = self.block_gen.next();
        if debug {
            eprintln!("[cf_loop/joinir]   Exit block: {:?}", exit_block_id);
        }

        // 3. Collect all ValueIds used in JoinIR function
        let mut used_values: std::collections::BTreeSet<ValueId> =
            std::collections::BTreeSet::new();
        for block in join_func.blocks.values() {
            Self::collect_values_in_block(block, &mut used_values);
        }
        // Also collect parameter ValueIds
        for param in &join_func.params {
            used_values.insert(*param);
        }

        // 4. Allocate new ValueIds
        for old_value in used_values {
            let new_value = self.next_value_id();
            value_map.insert(old_value, new_value);
            if debug {
                eprintln!(
                    "[cf_loop/joinir]   Value remap: {:?} → {:?}",
                    old_value, new_value
                );
            }
        }

        // 5. Clone and remap all blocks
        for (old_block_id, old_block) in &join_func.blocks {
            let new_block_id = block_map[old_block_id];
            let mut new_block = BasicBlock::new(new_block_id);

            // Remap instructions
            for inst in &old_block.instructions {
                let remapped = Self::remap_instruction(inst, &value_map, &block_map);
                new_block.instructions.push(remapped);
            }
            new_block.instruction_spans = old_block.instruction_spans.clone();

            // Remap terminator (convert Return → Jump to exit)
            if let Some(ref term) = old_block.terminator {
                let remapped_term = match term {
                    MirInstruction::Return { value } => {
                        // Convert Return to Jump to exit block
                        // If there's a return value, we need to store it first
                        if let Some(ret_val) = value {
                            let remapped_val = value_map.get(ret_val).copied().unwrap_or(*ret_val);
                            // Store the return value for later use
                            // For now, just jump to exit (value handling in Phase 49-4)
                            if debug {
                                eprintln!(
                                    "[cf_loop/joinir]   Return({:?}) → Jump to exit",
                                    remapped_val
                                );
                            }
                        }
                        MirInstruction::Jump {
                            target: exit_block_id,
                        }
                    }
                    _ => Self::remap_instruction(term, &value_map, &block_map),
                };
                new_block.terminator = Some(remapped_term);
            }

            // Add block to current function
            if let Some(ref mut func) = self.current_function {
                func.add_block(new_block);
            }
        }

        // 6. Create exit block (empty for now, will be populated after loop)
        if let Some(ref mut func) = self.current_function {
            let exit_block = BasicBlock::new(exit_block_id);
            func.add_block(exit_block);
        }

        // 7. Jump from current block to JoinIR entry
        let entry_block = block_map[&join_func.entry_block];
        crate::mir::builder::emission::branch::emit_jump(self, entry_block)?;

        // 8. Switch to exit block for subsequent code
        self.start_new_block(exit_block_id)?;

        if debug {
            eprintln!(
                "[cf_loop/joinir] Merge complete: {} blocks added, continuing from {:?}",
                join_func.blocks.len(),
                exit_block_id
            );
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Collect all ValueIds used in a block
    fn collect_values_in_block(
        block: &crate::mir::BasicBlock,
        values: &mut std::collections::BTreeSet<super::ValueId>,
    ) {
        for inst in &block.instructions {
            Self::collect_values_in_instruction(inst, values);
        }
        if let Some(ref term) = block.terminator {
            Self::collect_values_in_instruction(term, values);
        }
    }

    /// Collect all ValueIds used in an instruction
    fn collect_values_in_instruction(
        inst: &crate::mir::MirInstruction,
        values: &mut std::collections::BTreeSet<super::ValueId>,
    ) {
        use crate::mir::MirInstruction;

        match inst {
            MirInstruction::Const { dst, .. } => {
                values.insert(*dst);
            }
            MirInstruction::BinOp { dst, lhs, rhs, .. } => {
                values.insert(*dst);
                values.insert(*lhs);
                values.insert(*rhs);
            }
            MirInstruction::UnaryOp { dst, operand, .. } => {
                values.insert(*dst);
                values.insert(*operand);
            }
            MirInstruction::Compare { dst, lhs, rhs, .. } => {
                values.insert(*dst);
                values.insert(*lhs);
                values.insert(*rhs);
            }
            MirInstruction::Load { dst, ptr } => {
                values.insert(*dst);
                values.insert(*ptr);
            }
            MirInstruction::Store { value, ptr } => {
                values.insert(*value);
                values.insert(*ptr);
            }
            MirInstruction::Call {
                dst, func, args, ..
            } => {
                if let Some(d) = dst {
                    values.insert(*d);
                }
                values.insert(*func);
                for arg in args {
                    values.insert(*arg);
                }
            }
            MirInstruction::BoxCall {
                dst, box_val, args, ..
            } => {
                if let Some(d) = dst {
                    values.insert(*d);
                }
                values.insert(*box_val);
                for arg in args {
                    values.insert(*arg);
                }
            }
            MirInstruction::Branch { condition, .. } => {
                values.insert(*condition);
            }
            MirInstruction::Return { value } => {
                if let Some(v) = value {
                    values.insert(*v);
                }
            }
            MirInstruction::Phi {
                dst,
                inputs,
                type_hint: None,
            } => {
                values.insert(*dst);
                for (_, val) in inputs {
                    values.insert(*val);
                }
            }
            MirInstruction::Copy { dst, src } => {
                values.insert(*dst);
                values.insert(*src);
            }
            MirInstruction::NewBox { dst, args, .. } => {
                values.insert(*dst);
                for arg in args {
                    values.insert(*arg);
                }
            }
            MirInstruction::Print { value, .. } => {
                values.insert(*value);
            }
            _ => {
                // Other instructions: skip for now
            }
        }
    }

    /// Remap an instruction's ValueIds and BlockIds
    fn remap_instruction(
        inst: &crate::mir::MirInstruction,
        value_map: &std::collections::HashMap<super::ValueId, super::ValueId>,
        block_map: &std::collections::HashMap<crate::mir::BasicBlockId, crate::mir::BasicBlockId>,
    ) -> crate::mir::MirInstruction {
        use crate::mir::MirInstruction;

        let remap_value = |v: super::ValueId| value_map.get(&v).copied().unwrap_or(v);
        let remap_block = |b: crate::mir::BasicBlockId| block_map.get(&b).copied().unwrap_or(b);

        match inst {
            MirInstruction::Const { dst, value } => MirInstruction::Const {
                dst: remap_value(*dst),
                value: value.clone(),
            },
            MirInstruction::BinOp { dst, op, lhs, rhs } => MirInstruction::BinOp {
                dst: remap_value(*dst),
                op: *op,
                lhs: remap_value(*lhs),
                rhs: remap_value(*rhs),
            },
            MirInstruction::UnaryOp { dst, op, operand } => MirInstruction::UnaryOp {
                dst: remap_value(*dst),
                op: *op,
                operand: remap_value(*operand),
            },
            MirInstruction::Compare { dst, op, lhs, rhs } => MirInstruction::Compare {
                dst: remap_value(*dst),
                op: *op,
                lhs: remap_value(*lhs),
                rhs: remap_value(*rhs),
            },
            MirInstruction::Load { dst, ptr } => MirInstruction::Load {
                dst: remap_value(*dst),
                ptr: remap_value(*ptr),
            },
            MirInstruction::Store { value, ptr } => MirInstruction::Store {
                value: remap_value(*value),
                ptr: remap_value(*ptr),
            },
            MirInstruction::Call {
                dst,
                func,
                callee,
                args,
                effects,
            } => MirInstruction::Call {
                dst: dst.map(remap_value),
                func: remap_value(*func),
                callee: callee.clone(),
                args: args.iter().map(|a| remap_value(*a)).collect(),
                effects: *effects,
            },
            MirInstruction::BoxCall {
                dst,
                box_val,
                method,
                method_id,
                args,
                effects,
            } => MirInstruction::BoxCall {
                dst: dst.map(remap_value),
                box_val: remap_value(*box_val),
                method: method.clone(),
                method_id: *method_id,
                args: args.iter().map(|a| remap_value(*a)).collect(),
                effects: *effects,
            },
            MirInstruction::Branch {
                condition,
                then_bb,
                else_bb,
            } => MirInstruction::Branch {
                condition: remap_value(*condition),
                then_bb: remap_block(*then_bb),
                else_bb: remap_block(*else_bb),
            },
            MirInstruction::Jump { target } => MirInstruction::Jump {
                target: remap_block(*target),
            },
            MirInstruction::Return { value } => MirInstruction::Return {
                value: value.map(remap_value),
            },
            MirInstruction::Phi {
                dst,
                inputs,
                type_hint: None,
            } => MirInstruction::Phi {
                dst: remap_value(*dst),
                inputs: inputs
                    .iter()
                    .map(|(bb, val)| (remap_block(*bb), remap_value(*val)))
                    .collect(),
                type_hint: None, // Phase 63-6: Preserve no type hint during remapping
            },
            MirInstruction::Copy { dst, src } => MirInstruction::Copy {
                dst: remap_value(*dst),
                src: remap_value(*src),
            },
            MirInstruction::NewBox {
                dst,
                box_type,
                args,
            } => MirInstruction::NewBox {
                dst: remap_value(*dst),
                box_type: box_type.clone(),
                args: args.iter().map(|a| remap_value(*a)).collect(),
            },
            MirInstruction::Print { value, effects } => MirInstruction::Print {
                value: remap_value(*value),
                effects: *effects,
            },
            // Pass through other instructions unchanged
            other => other.clone(),
        }
    }

    /// Control-flow: try/catch/finally
    pub(super) fn cf_try_catch(
        &mut self,
        try_body: Vec<ASTNode>,
        catch_clauses: Vec<crate::ast::CatchClause>,
        finally_body: Option<Vec<ASTNode>>,
    ) -> Result<ValueId, String> {
        if std::env::var("NYASH_BUILDER_DISABLE_TRYCATCH")
            .ok()
            .as_deref()
            == Some("1")
        {
            let try_ast = ASTNode::Program {
                statements: try_body,
                span: crate::ast::Span::unknown(),
            };
            let result = self.build_expression(try_ast)?;
            return Ok(result);
        }

        let try_block = self.block_gen.next();
        let catch_block = self.block_gen.next();
        let finally_block = if finally_body.is_some() {
            Some(self.block_gen.next())
        } else {
            None
        };
        let exit_block = self.block_gen.next();

        // Snapshot deferred-return state
        let saved_defer_active = self.return_defer_active;
        let saved_defer_slot = self.return_defer_slot;
        let saved_defer_target = self.return_defer_target;
        let saved_deferred_flag = self.return_deferred_emitted;
        let saved_in_cleanup = self.in_cleanup_block;
        let saved_allow_ret = self.cleanup_allow_return;
        let saved_allow_throw = self.cleanup_allow_throw;

        let ret_slot = self.next_value_id();
        self.return_defer_active = true;
        self.return_defer_slot = Some(ret_slot);
        self.return_deferred_emitted = false;
        self.return_defer_target = Some(finally_block.unwrap_or(exit_block));

        if let Some(catch_clause) = catch_clauses.first() {
            if std::env::var("NYASH_DEBUG_TRYCATCH").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
                eprintln!(
                    "[BUILDER] Emitting catch handler for {:?}",
                    catch_clause.exception_type
                );
            }
            let exception_value = self.next_value_id();
            self.emit_instruction(MirInstruction::Catch {
                exception_type: catch_clause.exception_type.clone(),
                exception_value,
                handler_bb: catch_block,
            })?;
        }

        // Enter try block
        crate::mir::builder::emission::branch::emit_jump(self, try_block)?;
        self.start_new_block(try_block)?;
        let try_ast = ASTNode::Program {
            statements: try_body,
            span: crate::ast::Span::unknown(),
        };
        let _try_result = self.build_expression(try_ast)?;
        if !self.is_current_block_terminated() {
            let next_target = finally_block.unwrap_or(exit_block);
            crate::mir::builder::emission::branch::emit_jump(self, next_target)?;
        }

        // Catch block
        self.start_new_block(catch_block)?;
        if std::env::var("NYASH_DEBUG_TRYCATCH").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
            eprintln!("[BUILDER] Enter catch block {:?}", catch_block);
        }
        if let Some(catch_clause) = catch_clauses.first() {
            let catch_ast = ASTNode::Program {
                statements: catch_clause.body.clone(),
                span: crate::ast::Span::unknown(),
            };
            self.build_expression(catch_ast)?;
        }
        if !self.is_current_block_terminated() {
            let next_target = finally_block.unwrap_or(exit_block);
            crate::mir::builder::emission::branch::emit_jump(self, next_target)?;
        }

        // Finally
        let mut cleanup_terminated = false;
        if let (Some(finally_block_id), Some(finally_statements)) = (finally_block, finally_body) {
            self.start_new_block(finally_block_id)?;
            self.in_cleanup_block = true;
            self.cleanup_allow_return = crate::config::env::cleanup_allow_return();
            self.cleanup_allow_throw = crate::config::env::cleanup_allow_throw();
            self.return_defer_active = false; // do not defer inside cleanup

            let finally_ast = ASTNode::Program {
                statements: finally_statements,
                span: crate::ast::Span::unknown(),
            };
            self.build_expression(finally_ast)?;
            cleanup_terminated = self.is_current_block_terminated();
            if !cleanup_terminated {
                crate::mir::builder::emission::branch::emit_jump(self, exit_block)?;
            }
            self.in_cleanup_block = false;
        }

        // Exit block
        self.start_new_block(exit_block)?;
        let result = if self.return_deferred_emitted && !cleanup_terminated {
            self.emit_instruction(MirInstruction::Return {
                value: Some(ret_slot),
            })?;
            crate::mir::builder::emission::constant::emit_void(self)
        } else {
            crate::mir::builder::emission::constant::emit_void(self)
        };

        // Restore context
        self.return_defer_active = saved_defer_active;
        self.return_defer_slot = saved_defer_slot;
        self.return_defer_target = saved_defer_target;
        self.return_deferred_emitted = saved_deferred_flag;
        self.in_cleanup_block = saved_in_cleanup;
        self.cleanup_allow_return = saved_allow_ret;
        self.cleanup_allow_throw = saved_allow_throw;

        Ok(result)
    }

    /// Control-flow: throw
    pub(super) fn cf_throw(&mut self, expression: ASTNode) -> Result<ValueId, String> {
        if self.in_cleanup_block && !self.cleanup_allow_throw {
            return Err("throw is not allowed inside cleanup block (enable NYASH_CLEANUP_ALLOW_THROW=1 to permit)".to_string());
        }
        if std::env::var("NYASH_BUILDER_DISABLE_THROW").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
            let v = self.build_expression(expression)?;
            self.emit_instruction(MirInstruction::ExternCall {
                dst: None,
                iface_name: "env.debug".to_string(),
                method_name: "trace".to_string(),
                args: vec![v],
                effects: EffectMask::PURE.add(Effect::Debug),
            })?;
            return Ok(v);
        }
        let exception_value = self.build_expression(expression)?;
        self.emit_instruction(MirInstruction::Throw {
            exception: exception_value,
            effects: EffectMask::PANIC,
        })?;
        Ok(exception_value)
    }
}