hakorune/crates/nyrt/src/lib.rs

// Minimal NyRT static shim library (libnyrt.a)
// Exposes C ABI entry points used by AOT/JIT-emitted objects.

// Internal helpers to avoid nested mutable borrows across closures
fn nyrt_encode_from_legacy_at(buf: &mut Vec<u8>, pos: usize) {
    use nyash_rust::backend::vm::VMValue;
    use nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_v2::PluginBoxV2;
    nyash_rust::jit::rt::with_legacy_vm_args(|args| {
        if let Some(v) = args.get(pos) {
            match v {
                VMValue::String(s) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(buf, s),
                VMValue::Integer(i) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(buf, *i),
                VMValue::Float(f) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::f64(buf, *f),
                VMValue::Bool(b) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::bool(buf, *b),
                VMValue::BoxRef(b) => {
                    if let Some(bufbox) = b.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::buffer::BufferBox>() {
                        nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::bytes(buf, &bufbox.to_vec());
                        return;
                    }
                    if let Some(p) = b.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                        let host = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host();
                        if let Ok(hg) = host.read() {
                            if p.box_type == "StringBox" {
                                if let Ok(Some(sb)) = hg.invoke_instance_method("StringBox", "toUtf8", p.instance_id(), &[]) {
                                    if let Some(s) = sb.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::StringBox>() {
                                        nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(buf, &s.value);
                                        return;
                                    }
                                }
                            } else if p.box_type == "IntegerBox" {
                                if let Ok(Some(ibx)) = hg.invoke_instance_method("IntegerBox", "get", p.instance_id(), &[]) {
                                    if let Some(i) = ibx.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::IntegerBox>() {
                                        nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(buf, i.value);
                                        return;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::plugin_handle(buf, p.inner.type_id, p.instance_id());
                    } else {
                        let s = b.to_string_box().value;
                        nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(buf, &s)
                    }
                }
                _ => {}
            }
        }
    });
}

fn nyrt_encode_arg_or_legacy(buf: &mut Vec<u8>, val: i64, pos: usize) {
    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles;
    use nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_v2::PluginBoxV2;
    let mut appended = false;
    if val > 0 {
        if let Some(obj) = handles::get(val as u64) {
            if let Some(bufbox) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::buffer::BufferBox>() {
                nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::bytes(buf, &bufbox.to_vec());
                return;
            }
            if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                let host = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host();
                if let Ok(hg) = host.read() {
                    if p.box_type == "StringBox" {
                        if let Ok(Some(sb)) = hg.invoke_instance_method("StringBox", "toUtf8", p.instance_id(), &[]) {
                            if let Some(s) = sb.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::StringBox>() {
                                nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(buf, &s.value);
                                return;
                            }
                        }
                    } else if p.box_type == "IntegerBox" {
                        if let Ok(Some(ibx)) = hg.invoke_instance_method("IntegerBox", "get", p.instance_id(), &[]) {
                            if let Some(i) = ibx.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::IntegerBox>() {
                                nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(buf, i.value);
                                return;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::plugin_handle(buf, p.inner.type_id, p.instance_id());
                return;
            }
        }
    }
    let before = buf.len();
    nyrt_encode_from_legacy_at(buf, pos);
    if buf.len() == before { nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(buf, val); }
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_plugin_invoke3_i64(
    type_id: i64,
    method_id: i64,
    argc: i64,
    a0: i64,
    a1: i64,
    a2: i64,
) -> i64 {
    use nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_v2::PluginBoxV2;
    // Resolve receiver instance from handle first; fallback to legacy VM args (param index)
    let mut instance_id: u32 = 0;
    let mut real_type_id: u32 = 0;
    let mut invoke: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(u32,u32,u32,*const u8,usize,*mut u8,*mut usize)->i32> = None;
    if a0 > 0 {
        if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(a0 as u64) {
            if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                instance_id = p.instance_id();
                real_type_id = p.inner.type_id;
                invoke = Some(p.inner.invoke_fn);
            }
        }
    }
    if invoke.is_none() && a0 >= 0 && std::env::var("NYASH_JIT_ARGS_HANDLE_ONLY").ok().as_deref() != Some("1") {
        nyash_rust::jit::rt::with_legacy_vm_args(|args| {
            let idx = a0 as usize;
            if let Some(nyash_rust::backend::vm::VMValue::BoxRef(b)) = args.get(idx) {
                if let Some(p) = b.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                    instance_id = p.instance_id();
                    invoke = Some(p.inner.invoke_fn);
                }
            }
        });
    }
    if invoke.is_none() { return 0; }
    // Build TLV args from a1/a2 if present. Prefer handles/StringBox/IntegerBox via runtime host.
    use nyash_rust::{jit::rt::handles, backend::vm::VMValue};
    // argc from LLVM lowering is explicit arg count (excludes receiver)
    let nargs = argc.max(0) as usize;
    let mut buf = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode_tlv_header(nargs as u16);
    // Encode legacy VM arg at position into provided buffer (avoid capturing &mut buf)
    let mut encode_from_legacy_into = |dst: &mut Vec<u8>, arg_pos: usize| {
        nyash_rust::jit::rt::with_legacy_vm_args(|args| {
            if let Some(v) = args.get(arg_pos) {
                match v {
                    VMValue::String(s) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(dst, s),
                    VMValue::Integer(i) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(dst, *i),
                    VMValue::Float(f) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::f64(dst, *f),
                    VMValue::Bool(b) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::bool(dst, *b),
                    VMValue::BoxRef(b) => {
                        // BufferBox → TLV bytes
                        if let Some(bufbox) = b.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::buffer::BufferBox>() {
                            nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::bytes(dst, &bufbox.to_vec());
                            return;
                        }
                        if let Some(p) = b.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                            // Prefer StringBox/IntegerBox primitives when possible
                            let host = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host();
                            if let Ok(hg) = host.read() {
                                if p.box_type == "StringBox" {
                                    if let Ok(Some(sb)) = hg.invoke_instance_method("StringBox", "toUtf8", p.instance_id(), &[]) {
                                        if let Some(s) = sb.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::StringBox>() {
                                            nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(dst, &s.value);
                                            return;
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else if p.box_type == "IntegerBox" {
                                    if let Ok(Some(ibx)) = hg.invoke_instance_method("IntegerBox", "get", p.instance_id(), &[]) {
                                        if let Some(i) = ibx.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::IntegerBox>() {
                                            nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(dst, i.value);
                                            return;
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            // Fallback: pass handle as plugin-handle TLV
                            nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::plugin_handle(dst, p.inner.type_id, p.instance_id());
                        } else {
                            // Stringify unknown boxes
                            let s = b.to_string_box().value;
                            nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(dst, &s)
                        }
                    }
                    _ => {}
                }
            }
        });
    };
    // Encode argument value or fallback to legacy slot (avoid capturing &mut buf)
    let mut encode_arg_into = |dst: &mut Vec<u8>, val: i64, pos: usize| {
        let mut appended = false;
        // Try handle first
        if val > 0 {
            if let Some(obj) = handles::get(val as u64) {
                // BufferBox handle → TLV bytes
                if let Some(bufbox) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::buffer::BufferBox>() {
                    nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::bytes(dst, &bufbox.to_vec());
                    appended = true; return;
                }
                if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                    let host = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host();
                    if let Ok(hg) = host.read() {
                        if p.box_type == "StringBox" {
                            if let Ok(Some(sb)) = hg.invoke_instance_method("StringBox", "toUtf8", p.instance_id(), &[]) {
                                if let Some(s) = sb.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::StringBox>() {
                                    nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(dst, &s.value); appended = true;
                                    return;
                                }
                            }
                        } else if p.box_type == "IntegerBox" {
                            if let Ok(Some(ibx)) = hg.invoke_instance_method("IntegerBox", "get", p.instance_id(), &[]) {
                                if let Some(i) = ibx.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::IntegerBox>() {
                                    nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(dst, i.value); appended = true;
                                    return;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    // Otherwise, pass as handle TLV
                    nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::plugin_handle(dst, p.inner.type_id, p.instance_id()); appended = true;
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
        // Legacy VM args by positional index (1-based for a1)
        let before = dst.len();
        encode_from_legacy_into(dst, pos);
        if dst.len() != before { appended = true; }
        // If still nothing appended (no-op), fallback to raw i64
        if !appended { nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(dst, val); }
    };
    if nargs >= 1 { encode_arg_into(&mut buf, a1, 1); }
    if nargs >= 2 { encode_arg_into(&mut buf, a2, 2); }
    // Extra args from legacy VM args (positions 3..nargs)
    if nargs > 2 && std::env::var("NYASH_JIT_ARGS_HANDLE_ONLY").ok().as_deref() != Some("1") {
        for pos in 3..=nargs { encode_from_legacy_into(&mut buf, pos); }
    }
    // Prepare output buffer (dynamic growth on short buffer)
    let mut cap: usize = 256;
    let (mut tag_ret, mut sz_ret, mut payload_ret): (u8, usize, Vec<u8>) = (0, 0, Vec::new());
    loop {
        let mut out = vec![0u8; cap];
        let mut out_len: usize = out.len();
        let rc = unsafe { invoke.unwrap()(type_id as u32, method_id as u32, instance_id, buf.as_ptr(), buf.len(), out.as_mut_ptr(), &mut out_len) };
        if rc != 0 {
            // Retry on short buffer hint (-1) or when plugin wrote beyond capacity (len > cap)
            if rc == -1 || out_len > cap { cap = cap.saturating_mul(2).max(out_len + 16); if cap > 1<<20 { break; } continue; }
            return 0;
        }
        let slice = &out[..out_len];
        if let Some((t, s, p)) = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::decode::tlv_first(slice) {
            tag_ret = t; sz_ret = s; payload_ret = p.to_vec();
        }
        break;
    }
    if payload_ret.is_empty() { return 0; }
    if let Some((tag, sz, payload)) = Some((tag_ret, sz_ret, payload_ret.as_slice())) {
        match tag {
            3 => { // I64
                if let Some(v) = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::decode::i32(payload) { return v as i64; }
                if payload.len() == 8 { let mut b=[0u8;8]; b.copy_from_slice(payload); return i64::from_le_bytes(b); }
            }
            8 => { // Handle(tag=8) -> register and return handle id (i64)
                if sz == 8 {
                    let mut t = [0u8;4]; t.copy_from_slice(&payload[0..4]);
                    let mut i = [0u8;4]; i.copy_from_slice(&payload[4..8]);
                    let r_type = u32::from_le_bytes(t);
                    let r_inst = u32::from_le_bytes(i);
                    // Build PluginBoxV2 and register into handle-registry
                    let box_type_name = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_unified::get_global_plugin_host()
                        .read()
                        .ok()
                        .and_then(|h| h.config_ref().map(|cfg| cfg.box_types.clone()))
                        .and_then(|m| m.into_iter().find(|(_k,v)| *v == r_type).map(|(k,_v)| k))
                        .unwrap_or_else(|| "PluginBox".to_string());
                    let pb = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_v2::make_plugin_box_v2(box_type_name.clone(), r_type, r_inst, invoke.unwrap());
                    let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::new(pb);
                    let h = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc);
                    return h as i64;
                }
            }
            1 => { // Bool
                return if nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::decode::bool(payload).unwrap_or(false) { 1 } else { 0 };
            }
            5 => { // F64 → optional conversion to i64
                if std::env::var("NYASH_JIT_NATIVE_F64").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
                    if sz == 8 {
                        let mut b=[0u8;8]; b.copy_from_slice(payload);
                        let f = f64::from_le_bytes(b);
                        return f as i64;
                    }
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    0
}

// F64-typed shim: decode TLV first entry and return f64 when possible
#[no_mangle]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_plugin_invoke3_f64(
    type_id: i64,
    method_id: i64,
    argc: i64,
    a0: i64,
    a1: i64,
    a2: i64,
) -> f64 {
    use nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_v2::PluginBoxV2;
    // Resolve receiver from legacy VM args or handle registry
    let mut instance_id: u32 = 0;
    let mut invoke: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(u32,u32,u32,*const u8,usize,*mut u8,*mut usize)->i32> = None;
    if a0 > 0 {
        if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(a0 as u64) {
            if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                instance_id = p.instance_id();
                invoke = Some(p.inner.invoke_fn);
            }
        }
    }
    if a0 >= 0 && std::env::var("NYASH_JIT_ARGS_HANDLE_ONLY").ok().as_deref() != Some("1") {
        nyash_rust::jit::rt::with_legacy_vm_args(|args| {
            let idx = a0 as usize;
            if let Some(nyash_rust::backend::vm::VMValue::BoxRef(b)) = args.get(idx) {
                if let Some(p) = b.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                    instance_id = p.instance_id();
                    invoke = Some(p.inner.invoke_fn);
                }
            }
        });
    }
    if invoke.is_none() {
        // Fallback scan for any PluginBoxV2 in args to pick invoke_fn
        nyash_rust::jit::rt::with_legacy_vm_args(|args| {
            for v in args.iter() {
                if let nyash_rust::backend::vm::VMValue::BoxRef(b) = v {
                    if let Some(p) = b.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                        if p.inner.type_id == (type_id as u32) || invoke.is_none() {
                            instance_id = p.instance_id();
                            invoke = Some(p.inner.invoke_fn);
                            if p.inner.type_id == (type_id as u32) { break; }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        });
    }
    if invoke.is_none() { return 0.0; }
    // Build TLV args from a1/a2 with String/Integer support
    use nyash_rust::{jit::rt::handles, backend::vm::VMValue};
    // argc from LLVM lowering is explicit arg count (excludes receiver)
    let nargs = argc.max(0) as usize;
    let mut buf = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode_tlv_header(nargs as u16);
    let mut encode_from_legacy = |arg_pos: usize| {
        nyash_rust::jit::rt::with_legacy_vm_args(|args| {
            if let Some(v) = args.get(arg_pos) {
                match v {
                    VMValue::String(s) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(&mut buf, s),
                    VMValue::Integer(i) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(&mut buf, *i),
                    VMValue::Float(f) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::f64(&mut buf, *f),
                    VMValue::Bool(b) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::bool(&mut buf, *b),
                    VMValue::BoxRef(b) => {
                        if let Some(bufbox) = b.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::buffer::BufferBox>() {
                            nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::bytes(&mut buf, &bufbox.to_vec());
                            return;
                        }
                        if let Some(p) = b.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                            let host = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host();
                            if let Ok(hg) = host.read() {
                                if p.box_type == "StringBox" {
                                    if let Ok(Some(sb)) = hg.invoke_instance_method("StringBox", "toUtf8", p.instance_id(), &[]) {
                                        if let Some(s) = sb.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::StringBox>() {
                                            nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(&mut buf, &s.value);
                                            return;
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else if p.box_type == "IntegerBox" {
                                    if let Ok(Some(ibx)) = hg.invoke_instance_method("IntegerBox", "get", p.instance_id(), &[]) {
                                        if let Some(i) = ibx.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::IntegerBox>() {
                                            nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(&mut buf, i.value);
                                            return;
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::plugin_handle(&mut buf, p.inner.type_id, p.instance_id());
                        } else {
                            let s = b.to_string_box().value;
                            nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(&mut buf, &s)
                        }
                    }
                    _ => {}
                }
            }
        });
    };
    let mut encode_arg = |val: i64, pos: usize| {
        let mut appended = false;
        if val > 0 {
            if let Some(obj) = handles::get(val as u64) {
                if let Some(bufbox) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::buffer::BufferBox>() {
                    nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::bytes(&mut buf, &bufbox.to_vec());
                    appended = true; return;
                }
                if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                    let host = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host();
                    if let Ok(hg) = host.read() {
                        if p.box_type == "StringBox" {
                            if let Ok(Some(sb)) = hg.invoke_instance_method("StringBox", "toUtf8", p.instance_id(), &[]) {
                                if let Some(s) = sb.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::StringBox>() {
                                    nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(&mut buf, &s.value); appended = true;
                                    return;
                                }
                            }
                        } else if p.box_type == "IntegerBox" {
                            if let Ok(Some(ibx)) = hg.invoke_instance_method("IntegerBox", "get", p.instance_id(), &[]) {
                                if let Some(i) = ibx.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::IntegerBox>() {
                                    nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(&mut buf, i.value); appended = true;
                                    return;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::plugin_handle(&mut buf, p.inner.type_id, p.instance_id()); appended = true;
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
        let before = buf.len();
        // Use global helper to avoid nested mutable borrows on buf
        nyrt_encode_from_legacy_at(&mut buf, pos);
        if buf.len() != before { appended = true; }
        if !appended { nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(&mut buf, val); }
    };
    if nargs >= 1 { encode_arg(a1, 1); }
    if nargs >= 2 { encode_arg(a2, 2); }
    if nargs > 2 && std::env::var("NYASH_JIT_ARGS_HANDLE_ONLY").ok().as_deref() != Some("1") {
        for pos in 3..=nargs { nyrt_encode_from_legacy_at(&mut buf, pos); }
    }
    // Prepare output buffer (dynamic growth on short buffer)
    let mut cap: usize = 256;
    let (mut tag_ret, mut sz_ret, mut payload_ret): (u8, usize, Vec<u8>) = (0, 0, Vec::new());
    loop {
        let mut out = vec![0u8; cap];
        let mut out_len: usize = out.len();
        let rc = unsafe { invoke.unwrap()(type_id as u32, method_id as u32, instance_id, buf.as_ptr(), buf.len(), out.as_mut_ptr(), &mut out_len) };
        if rc != 0 {
            // Retry on short buffer (-1) or when plugin wrote beyond capacity
            if rc == -1 || out_len > cap { cap = cap.saturating_mul(2).max(out_len + 16); if cap > 1<<20 { break; } continue; }
            return 0.0;
        }
        let slice = &out[..out_len];
        if let Some((t, s, p)) = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::decode::tlv_first(slice) {
            tag_ret = t; sz_ret = s; payload_ret = p.to_vec();
        }
        break;
    }
    if payload_ret.is_empty() { return 0.0; }
    if let Some((tag, sz, payload)) = Some((tag_ret, sz_ret, payload_ret.as_slice())) {
        match tag {
            5 => { // F64
                if sz == 8 { let mut b=[0u8;8]; b.copy_from_slice(payload); return f64::from_le_bytes(b); }
            }
            3 => { // I64 -> f64
                if let Some(v) = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::decode::i32(payload) { return v as f64; }
                if payload.len() == 8 { let mut b=[0u8;8]; b.copy_from_slice(payload); return (i64::from_le_bytes(b)) as f64; }
            }
            1 => { // Bool -> f64
                return if nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::decode::bool(payload).unwrap_or(false) { 1.0 } else { 0.0 };
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    0.0
}
// By-name shims for common method names (getattr/call)
#[no_mangle]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_plugin_invoke_name_getattr_i64(argc: i64, a0: i64, a1: i64, a2: i64) -> i64 {
    nyash_plugin_invoke_name_common_i64("getattr", argc, a0, a1, a2)
}

#[no_mangle]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_plugin_invoke_name_call_i64(argc: i64, a0: i64, a1: i64, a2: i64) -> i64 {
    nyash_plugin_invoke_name_common_i64("call", argc, a0, a1, a2)
}

fn nyash_plugin_invoke_name_common_i64(method: &str, argc: i64, a0: i64, a1: i64, a2: i64) -> i64 {
    use nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_v2::PluginBoxV2;
    // Resolve receiver
    let mut instance_id: u32 = 0;
    let mut type_id: u32 = 0;
    let mut box_type: Option<String> = None;
    let mut invoke: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(u32,u32,u32,*const u8,usize,*mut u8,*mut usize)->i32> = None;
    if a0 > 0 {
        if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(a0 as u64) {
            if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                instance_id = p.instance_id(); type_id = p.inner.type_id; box_type = Some(p.box_type.clone());
                invoke = Some(p.inner.invoke_fn);
            }
        }
    }
    if invoke.is_none() && std::env::var("NYASH_JIT_ARGS_HANDLE_ONLY").ok().as_deref() != Some("1") {
        nyash_rust::jit::rt::with_legacy_vm_args(|args| {
            let idx = a0.max(0) as usize;
            if let Some(nyash_rust::backend::vm::VMValue::BoxRef(b)) = args.get(idx) {
                if let Some(p) = b.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                    instance_id = p.instance_id(); type_id = p.inner.type_id; box_type = Some(p.box_type.clone());
                    invoke = Some(p.inner.invoke_fn);
                }
            }
        });
    }
    if invoke.is_none() {
        nyash_rust::jit::rt::with_legacy_vm_args(|args| {
            for v in args.iter() {
                if let nyash_rust::backend::vm::VMValue::BoxRef(b) = v {
                    if let Some(p) = b.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                        instance_id = p.instance_id(); type_id = p.inner.type_id; box_type = Some(p.box_type.clone());
                        invoke = Some(p.inner.invoke_fn); break;
                    }
                }
            }
        });
    }
    if invoke.is_none() { return 0; }
    let box_type = box_type.unwrap_or_default();
    // Resolve method_id via PluginHost by name
    let mh = if let Ok(host) = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_unified::get_global_plugin_host().read() {
        host.resolve_method(&box_type, method)
    } else { return 0 };
    let method_id = match mh { Ok(h) => h.method_id, Err(_) => return 0 } as u32;
    // Build TLV args from legacy VM args (skip receiver slot)
    let mut buf = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode_tlv_header((argc.saturating_sub(1).max(0) as u16));
    let mut add_from_legacy = |pos: usize| {
        nyash_rust::jit::rt::with_legacy_vm_args(|args| {
            if let Some(v) = args.get(pos) {
                use nyash_rust::backend::vm::VMValue as V;
                match v {
                    V::String(s) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(&mut buf, s),
                    V::Integer(i) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(&mut buf, *i),
                    V::Float(f) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::f64(&mut buf, *f),
                    V::Bool(b) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::bool(&mut buf, *b),
                    V::BoxRef(b) => {
                        if let Some(bufbox) = b.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::buffer::BufferBox>() {
                            nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::bytes(&mut buf, &bufbox.to_vec()); return;
                        }
                        if let Some(p) = b.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                            let host = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host();
                            if let Ok(hg) = host.read() {
                                if p.box_type == "StringBox" {
                                    if let Ok(Some(sb)) = hg.invoke_instance_method("StringBox", "toUtf8", p.instance_id(), &[]) {
                                        if let Some(s) = sb.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::StringBox>() {
                                            nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(&mut buf, &s.value); return;
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else if p.box_type == "IntegerBox" {
                                    if let Ok(Some(ibx)) = hg.invoke_instance_method("IntegerBox", "get", p.instance_id(), &[]) {
                                        if let Some(i) = ibx.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::IntegerBox>() {
                                            nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(&mut buf, i.value); return;
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::plugin_handle(&mut buf, p.inner.type_id, p.instance_id());
                        } else {
                            let s = b.to_string_box().value;
                            nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(&mut buf, &s)
                        }
                    }
                    _ => {}
                }
            }
        });
    };
    if argc >= 2 { add_from_legacy(1); }
    if argc >= 3 { add_from_legacy(2); }
    if argc > 3 { for pos in 3..(argc as usize) { add_from_legacy(pos); } }
    let mut out = vec![0u8; 4096]; let mut out_len: usize = out.len();
    let rc = unsafe { invoke.unwrap()(type_id as u32, method_id, instance_id, buf.as_ptr(), buf.len(), out.as_mut_ptr(), &mut out_len) };
    if rc != 0 { return 0; }
    let out_slice = &out[..out_len];
    if let Some((tag, _sz, payload)) = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::decode::tlv_first(out_slice) {
        match tag {
            3 => { if payload.len()==8 { let mut b=[0u8;8]; b.copy_from_slice(payload); return i64::from_le_bytes(b); } }
            1 => { return if nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::decode::bool(payload).unwrap_or(false) { 1 } else { 0 }; }
            5 => { if std::env::var("NYASH_JIT_NATIVE_F64").ok().as_deref()==Some("1") { if payload.len()==8 { let mut b=[0u8;8]; b.copy_from_slice(payload); let f=f64::from_le_bytes(b); return f as i64; } } }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    0
}

// General by-name invoke: (recv_handle, method_cstr, argc, a1, a2) -> i64
// Export name: nyash.plugin.invoke_by_name_i64
#[export_name = "nyash.plugin.invoke_by_name_i64"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_plugin_invoke_by_name_i64(
    recv_handle: i64,
    method: *const i8,
    argc: i64,
    a1: i64,
    a2: i64,
) -> i64 {
    if method.is_null() { return 0; }
    let mname = unsafe { std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(method) };
    let Ok(method_str) = mname.to_str() else { return 0 };
    use nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_v2::PluginBoxV2;
    let mut instance_id: u32 = 0;
    let mut type_id: u32 = 0;
    let mut box_type: Option<String> = None;
    let mut invoke: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(u32,u32,u32,*const u8,usize,*mut u8,*mut usize)->i32> = None;
    if recv_handle > 0 {
        if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(recv_handle as u64) {
            if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                instance_id = p.instance_id(); type_id = p.inner.type_id; box_type = Some(p.box_type.clone());
                invoke = Some(p.inner.invoke_fn);
            }
        }
    }
    if invoke.is_none() { return 0; }
    let box_type = box_type.unwrap_or_default();
    // Resolve method_id via PluginHost by name
    let mh = if let Ok(host) = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_unified::get_global_plugin_host().read() {
        host.resolve_method(&box_type, method_str)
    } else { return 0 };
    let method_id = match mh { Ok(h) => h.method_id, Err(_) => return 0 } as u32;
    // Build TLV args from a1/a2 (no legacy in LLVM path)
    // argc is the number of explicit arguments (receiver excluded)
    let nargs = argc.max(0) as usize;
    let mut buf = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode_tlv_header(nargs as u16);
    nyrt_encode_arg_or_legacy(&mut buf, a1, 1);
    if nargs >= 2 { nyrt_encode_arg_or_legacy(&mut buf, a2, 2); }
    // Execute
    let mut out = vec![0u8; 512]; let mut out_len: usize = out.len();
    let rc = unsafe { invoke.unwrap()(type_id as u32, method_id, instance_id, buf.as_ptr(), buf.len(), out.as_mut_ptr(), &mut out_len) };
    if rc != 0 { return 0; }
    if let Some((tag, _sz, payload)) = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::decode::tlv_first(&out[..out_len]) {
        match tag {
            3 => { if payload.len()==8 { let mut b=[0u8;8]; b.copy_from_slice(payload); return i64::from_le_bytes(b); } }
            1 => { return if nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::decode::bool(payload).unwrap_or(false) { 1 } else { 0 }; }
            8 => { if payload.len()==8 { let mut t=[0u8;4]; t.copy_from_slice(&payload[0..4]); let mut i=[0u8;4]; i.copy_from_slice(&payload[4..8]); let r_type=u32::from_le_bytes(t); let r_inst=u32::from_le_bytes(i); let pb=nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_v2::make_plugin_box_v2(box_type.clone(), r_type, r_inst, invoke.unwrap()); let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox>=std::sync::Arc::new(pb); let h=nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc); return h as i64; } }
            5 => { if std::env::var("NYASH_JIT_NATIVE_F64").ok().as_deref()==Some("1") { if payload.len()==8 { let mut b=[0u8;8]; b.copy_from_slice(payload); let f=f64::from_le_bytes(b); return f as i64; } } }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    0
}

// Tagged by-id invoke (supports f64/int/handle for first two args)
// tag: 3=I64, 5=F64(bits), 8=Handle
#[export_name = "nyash_plugin_invoke3_tagged_i64"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_plugin_invoke3_tagged_i64(
    type_id: i64,
    method_id: i64,
    argc: i64,
    a0: i64,
    a1: i64,
    tag1: i64,
    a2: i64,
    tag2: i64,
    a3: i64,
    tag3: i64,
    a4: i64,
    tag4: i64,
) -> i64 {
    use nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_v2::PluginBoxV2;
    // Resolve receiver invoke and actual plugin type_id
    let mut instance_id: u32 = 0;
    let mut real_type_id: u32 = type_id as u32;
    let mut invoke: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(u32,u32,u32,*const u8,usize,*mut u8,*mut usize)->i32> = None;
    if a0 > 0 {
        if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(a0 as u64) {
            if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                instance_id = p.instance_id();
                real_type_id = p.inner.type_id;
                invoke = Some(p.inner.invoke_fn);
            }
        }
    }
    if invoke.is_none() { return 0; }
    // Build TLV from tags
    // argc is the number of explicit arguments (receiver excluded)
    let nargs = argc.max(0) as usize;
    let mut buf = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode_tlv_header(nargs as u16);
    let mut enc = |val: i64, tag: i64| {
        match tag {
            3 => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(&mut buf, val),
            5 => { let bits = val as u64; let f = f64::from_bits(bits); nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::f64(&mut buf, f); },
            8 => {
                if val > 0 {
                    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(val as u64) {
                        if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                            nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::plugin_handle(&mut buf, p.inner.type_id, p.instance_id());
                        } else {
                            let s = obj.to_string_box().value;
                            nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(&mut buf, &s);
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(&mut buf, 0);
                }
            }
            _ => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(&mut buf, val),
        }
    };
    if nargs >= 1 { enc(a1, tag1); }
    if nargs >= 2 { enc(a2, tag2); }
    if nargs >= 3 { enc(a3, tag3); }
    if nargs >= 4 { enc(a4, tag4); }
    // Invoke
    let mut out = vec![0u8; 512]; let mut out_len: usize = out.len();
    let rc = unsafe { invoke.unwrap()(real_type_id, method_id as u32, instance_id, buf.as_ptr(), buf.len(), out.as_mut_ptr(), &mut out_len) };
    if rc != 0 { return 0; }
    if let Some((tag, _sz, payload)) = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::decode::tlv_first(&out[..out_len]) {
        match tag {
            3 => { if payload.len()==8 { let mut b=[0u8;8]; b.copy_from_slice(payload); return i64::from_le_bytes(b); } }
            1 => { return if nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::decode::bool(payload).unwrap_or(false) { 1 } else { 0 }; }
            8 => { if payload.len()==8 { let mut t=[0u8;4]; t.copy_from_slice(&payload[0..4]); let mut i=[0u8;4]; i.copy_from_slice(&payload[4..8]); let r_type=u32::from_le_bytes(t); let r_inst=u32::from_le_bytes(i); let pb=nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_v2::make_plugin_box_v2("PluginBox".into(), r_type, r_inst, invoke.unwrap()); let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox>=std::sync::Arc::new(pb); let h=nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc); return h as i64; } }
            5 => { if std::env::var("NYASH_JIT_NATIVE_F64").ok().as_deref()==Some("1") { if payload.len()==8 { let mut b=[0u8;8]; b.copy_from_slice(payload); let f=f64::from_le_bytes(b); return f as i64; } } }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    0
}

// Variable-length tagged invoke by-id
// Exported as: nyash.plugin.invoke_tagged_v_i64(i64 type_id, i64 method_id, i64 argc, i64 recv_h, i64* vals, i64* tags) -> i64
#[export_name = "nyash.plugin.invoke_tagged_v_i64"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_plugin_invoke_tagged_v_i64(
    type_id: i64,
    method_id: i64,
    argc: i64,
    recv_h: i64,
    vals: *const i64,
    tags: *const i64,
) -> i64 {
    use nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_v2::PluginBoxV2;
    if recv_h <= 0 { return 0; }
    // Resolve receiver invoke
    let mut instance_id: u32 = 0;
    let mut real_type_id: u32 = 0;
    let mut invoke: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(u32,u32,u32,*const u8,usize,*mut u8,*mut usize)->i32> = None;
    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(recv_h as u64) {
        if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
            instance_id = p.instance_id();
            real_type_id = p.inner.type_id;
            invoke = Some(p.inner.invoke_fn);
        }
    }
    if invoke.is_none() { return 0; }
    let nargs = argc.saturating_sub(1).max(0) as usize;
    let (vals, tags) = if nargs > 0 && !vals.is_null() && !tags.is_null() {
        unsafe {
            (std::slice::from_raw_parts(vals, nargs), std::slice::from_raw_parts(tags, nargs))
        }
    } else { (&[][..], &[][..]) };

    let mut buf = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode_tlv_header(nargs as u16);
    for i in 0..nargs {
        match tags[i] {
            3 => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(&mut buf, vals[i]),
            5 => { let f = f64::from_bits(vals[i] as u64); nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::f64(&mut buf, f); },
            8 => {
                if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(vals[i] as u64) {
                    if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                        nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::plugin_handle(&mut buf, p.inner.type_id, p.instance_id());
                    } else {
                        let s = obj.to_string_box().value;
                        nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(&mut buf, &s);
                    }
                } else {
                    nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(&mut buf, 0);
                }
            }
            _ => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(&mut buf, vals[i]),
        }
    }
    let mut out = vec![0u8; 1024]; let mut out_len: usize = out.len();
    let rc = unsafe { invoke.unwrap()(real_type_id, method_id as u32, instance_id, buf.as_ptr(), buf.len(), out.as_mut_ptr(), &mut out_len) };
    if rc != 0 { return 0; }
    if let Some((tag, _sz, payload)) = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::decode::tlv_first(&out[..out_len]) {
        match tag {
            3 => { if payload.len()==8 { let mut b=[0u8;8]; b.copy_from_slice(payload); return i64::from_le_bytes(b); } }
            1 => { return if nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::decode::bool(payload).unwrap_or(false) { 1 } else { 0 }; }
            8 => { if payload.len()==8 { let mut t=[0u8;4]; t.copy_from_slice(&payload[0..4]); let mut i=[0u8;4]; i.copy_from_slice(&payload[4..8]); let r_type=u32::from_le_bytes(t); let r_inst=u32::from_le_bytes(i); let pb=nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_v2::make_plugin_box_v2("PluginBox".into(), r_type, r_inst, invoke.unwrap()); let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox>=std::sync::Arc::new(pb); let h=nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc); return h as i64; } }
            5 => { if std::env::var("NYASH_JIT_NATIVE_F64").ok().as_deref()==Some("1") { if payload.len()==8 { let mut b=[0u8;8]; b.copy_from_slice(payload); let f=f64::from_le_bytes(b); return f as i64; } } }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    0
}

// ---- Handle-based birth shims for AOT/JIT object linkage ----
// These resolve symbols like "nyash.string.birth_h" referenced by ObjectModule.

// Generic birth by type_id -> handle (no args). Exported as nyash.box.birth_h
#[export_name = "nyash.box.birth_h"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_box_birth_h_export(type_id: i64) -> i64 {
    if type_id <= 0 { return 0; }
    let tid = type_id as u32;
    // Map type_id back to type name
    let name_opt = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_unified::get_global_plugin_host()
        .read()
        .ok()
        .and_then(|h| h.config_ref().map(|cfg| cfg.box_types.clone()))
        .and_then(|m| m.into_iter().find(|(_k,v)| *v == tid).map(|(k,_v)| k));
    if let Some(box_type) = name_opt {
        if let Ok(host_g) = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host().read() {
            if let Ok(b) = host_g.create_box(&box_type, &[]) {
                let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::from(b);
                let h = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc);
                if std::env::var("NYASH_CLI_VERBOSE").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
                    println!("nyrt: birth_h {} (type_id={}) -> handle={}", box_type, tid, h);
                }
                return h as i64;
            } else if std::env::var("NYASH_CLI_VERBOSE").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
                eprintln!("nyrt: birth_h {} (type_id={}) FAILED: create_box", box_type, tid);
            }
        }
    } else if std::env::var("NYASH_CLI_VERBOSE").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
        eprintln!("nyrt: birth_h (type_id={}) FAILED: type map not found", tid);
    }
    0
}
// Generic birth with args: (type_id, argc, a1, a2) -> handle
// Export name: nyash.box.birth_i64
#[export_name = "nyash.box.birth_i64"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_box_birth_i64_export(type_id: i64, argc: i64, a1: i64, a2: i64) -> i64 {
    use nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_v2::PluginBoxV2;
    if type_id <= 0 { return 0; }
    let mut invoke: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(u32,u32,u32,*const u8,usize,*mut u8,*mut usize)->i32> = None;
    // Resolve invoke_fn via temporary instance
    let box_type_name = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_unified::get_global_plugin_host()
        .read().ok()
        .and_then(|h| h.config_ref().map(|cfg| cfg.box_types.clone()))
        .and_then(|m| m.into_iter().find(|(_k,v)| *v == (type_id as u32)).map(|(k,_v)| k))
        .unwrap_or_else(|| "PluginBox".to_string());
    if let Ok(host_g) = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host().read() {
        if let Ok(b) = host_g.create_box(&box_type_name, &[]) {
            if let Some(p) = b.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() { invoke = Some(p.inner.invoke_fn); }
        }
    }
    if invoke.is_none() {
        if std::env::var("NYASH_CLI_VERBOSE").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") { eprintln!("nyrt: birth_i64 (type_id={}) FAILED: no invoke", type_id); }
        return 0;
    }
    let method_id: u32 = 0; // birth
    let instance_id: u32 = 0; // static
    // Build TLV args
    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles;
    let nargs = argc.max(0) as usize;
    let mut buf = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode_tlv_header(nargs as u16);
    let mut encode_handle = |h: i64| {
        if h > 0 {
            if let Some(obj) = handles::get(h as u64) {
                if let Some(p) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                    let host = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host();
                    if let Ok(hg) = host.read() {
                        if p.box_type == "StringBox" {
                            if let Ok(Some(sb)) = hg.invoke_instance_method("StringBox", "toUtf8", p.instance_id(), &[]) {
                                if let Some(s) = sb.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::StringBox>() { nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(&mut buf, &s.value); return; }
                            }
                        } else if p.box_type == "IntegerBox" {
                            if let Ok(Some(ibx)) = hg.invoke_instance_method("IntegerBox", "get", p.instance_id(), &[]) {
                                if let Some(i) = ibx.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::box_trait::IntegerBox>() { nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(&mut buf, i.value); return; }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::plugin_handle(&mut buf, p.inner.type_id, p.instance_id());
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
        nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(&mut buf, h);
    };
    if nargs >= 1 { encode_handle(a1); }
    if nargs >= 2 { encode_handle(a2); }
    // Extra birth args from legacy VM when present
    if nargs > 2 && std::env::var("NYASH_JIT_ARGS_HANDLE_ONLY").ok().as_deref() != Some("1") {
        for pos in 3..=nargs {
            nyash_rust::jit::rt::with_legacy_vm_args(|args| {
                if let Some(v) = args.get(pos) {
                    use nyash_rust::backend::vm::VMValue as V;
                    match v {
                        V::String(s) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(&mut buf, s),
                        V::Integer(i) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::i64(&mut buf, *i),
                        V::Float(f) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::f64(&mut buf, *f),
                        V::Bool(b) => nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::bool(&mut buf, *b),
                        V::BoxRef(bx) => {
                            if let Some(pb) = bx.as_any().downcast_ref::<PluginBoxV2>() {
                                if let Some(bufbox) = bx.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::buffer::BufferBox>() {
                                    nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::bytes(&mut buf, &bufbox.to_vec());
                                } else {
                                    nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::plugin_handle(&mut buf, pb.inner.type_id, pb.instance_id());
                                }
                            } else {
                                let s = bx.to_string_box().value; nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::encode::string(&mut buf, &s)
                            }
                        }
                        _ => {}
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    }
    let mut out = vec![0u8; 1024]; let mut out_len: usize = out.len();
    let rc = unsafe { invoke.unwrap()(type_id as u32, method_id, instance_id, buf.as_ptr(), buf.len(), out.as_mut_ptr(), &mut out_len) };
    if rc != 0 { if std::env::var("NYASH_CLI_VERBOSE").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") { eprintln!("nyrt: birth_i64 (type_id={}) FAILED: invoke rc={}", type_id, rc); } return 0; }
    if let Some((tag, _sz, payload)) = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_ffi_common::decode::tlv_first(&out[..out_len]) {
        if tag == 8 && payload.len() == 8 {
            let mut t=[0u8;4]; t.copy_from_slice(&payload[0..4]);
            let mut i=[0u8;4]; i.copy_from_slice(&payload[4..8]);
            let r_type = u32::from_le_bytes(t); let r_inst = u32::from_le_bytes(i);
            let pb = nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_v2::make_plugin_box_v2(box_type_name.clone(), r_type, r_inst, invoke.unwrap());
            let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::new(pb);
            let h = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc);
            if std::env::var("NYASH_CLI_VERBOSE").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
                println!("nyrt: birth_i64 {} (type_id={}) argc={} -> handle={}", box_type_name, type_id, nargs, h);
            }
            return h as i64;
        }
    }
    if std::env::var("NYASH_CLI_VERBOSE").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") { eprintln!("nyrt: birth_i64 (type_id={}) FAILED: decode", type_id); }
    0
}

// ---- String helpers for LLVM lowering ----
// Exported as: nyash_string_new(i8* ptr, i32 len) -> i8*
#[no_mangle]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_new(ptr: *const u8, len: i32) -> *mut i8 {
    use std::ptr;
    if ptr.is_null() || len < 0 { return std::ptr::null_mut(); }
    let n = len as usize;
    // Allocate n+1 and null-terminate for C interop (puts, etc.)
    let mut buf = Vec::<u8>::with_capacity(n + 1);
    unsafe {
        ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(ptr, buf.as_mut_ptr(), n);
        buf.set_len(n);
    }
    buf.push(0);
    let boxed = buf.into_boxed_slice();
    let raw = Box::into_raw(boxed) as *mut u8;
    raw as *mut i8
}

// ---- Unified semantics shims (handle-based) ----
// Exported as: nyash.semantics.add_hh(i64 lhs_handle, i64 rhs_handle) -> i64 (NyashBox handle)
#[export_name = "nyash.semantics.add_hh"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_semantics_add_hh_export(lhs_h: i64, rhs_h: i64) -> i64 {
    use nyash_rust::{box_trait::{StringBox, IntegerBox}, runtime::semantics};
    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles;
    if lhs_h <= 0 || rhs_h <= 0 { return 0; }
    let lhs = if let Some(obj) = handles::get(lhs_h as u64) { obj } else { return 0 };
    let rhs = if let Some(obj) = handles::get(rhs_h as u64) { obj } else { return 0 };
    let ls_opt = semantics::coerce_to_string(lhs.as_ref());
    let rs_opt = semantics::coerce_to_string(rhs.as_ref());
    if ls_opt.is_some() || rs_opt.is_some() {
        let ls = ls_opt.unwrap_or_else(|| lhs.to_string_box().value);
        let rs = rs_opt.unwrap_or_else(|| rhs.to_string_box().value);
        let s = format!("{}{}", ls, rs);
        let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::new(StringBox::new(s));
        return handles::to_handle(arc) as i64;
    }
    if let (Some(li), Some(ri)) = (semantics::coerce_to_i64(lhs.as_ref()), semantics::coerce_to_i64(rhs.as_ref())) {
        let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::new(IntegerBox::new(li + ri));
        return handles::to_handle(arc) as i64;
    }
    // Fallback: stringify both and concat to preserve total order
    let ls = lhs.to_string_box().value;
    let rs = rhs.to_string_box().value;
    let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::new(StringBox::new(format!("{}{}", ls, rs)));
    handles::to_handle(arc) as i64
}

// ---- Array helpers for LLVM lowering (handle-based) ----
// Exported as: nyash_array_get_h(i64 handle, i64 idx) -> i64
#[no_mangle]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_array_get_h(handle: i64, idx: i64) -> i64 {
    use nyash_rust::{jit::rt::handles, box_trait::IntegerBox};
    if handle <= 0 || idx < 0 { return 0; }
    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
        if let Some(arr) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::array::ArrayBox>() {
            let val = arr.get(Box::new(IntegerBox::new(idx)));
            if let Some(ib) = val.as_any().downcast_ref::<IntegerBox>() { return ib.value; }
        }
    }
    0
}

// ---- ExternCall helpers for LLVM lowering ----
// Exported as: nyash.console.log(i8* cstr) -> i64
#[export_name = "nyash.console.log"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_console_log_export(ptr: *const i8) -> i64 {
    if ptr.is_null() { return 0; }
    unsafe {
        let c = std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(ptr);
        if let Ok(s) = c.to_str() {
            println!("{}", s);
        }
    }
    0
}

// Exported as: nyash.console.warn(i8* cstr) -> i64
#[export_name = "nyash.console.warn"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_console_warn_export(ptr: *const i8) -> i64 {
    if ptr.is_null() { return 0; }
    unsafe {
        let c = std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(ptr);
        if let Ok(s) = c.to_str() {
            eprintln!("[warn] {}", s);
        }
    }
    0
}

// Exported as: nyash.console.error(i8* cstr) -> i64
#[export_name = "nyash.console.error"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_console_error_export(ptr: *const i8) -> i64 {
    if ptr.is_null() { return 0; }
    unsafe {
        let c = std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(ptr);
        if let Ok(s) = c.to_str() {
            eprintln!("[error] {}", s);
        }
    }
    0
}

// Exported as: nyash.debug.trace(i8* cstr) -> i64
#[export_name = "nyash.debug.trace"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_debug_trace_export(ptr: *const i8) -> i64 {
    if ptr.is_null() { return 0; }
    unsafe {
        let c = std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(ptr);
        if let Ok(s) = c.to_str() {
            eprintln!("[trace] {}", s);
        }
    }
    0
}

// Exported as: nyash.console.readline() -> i8*
#[export_name = "nyash.console.readline"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_console_readline_export() -> *mut i8 {
    use std::io::{self, Read};
    // Read a line from stdin; normalize to UTF-8 and strip trailing CR/LF
    let mut input = String::new();
    // Use read_to_end if stdin is not a TTY? Simpler: read_line through BufRead
    // For simplicity, read from stdin into buffer until newline or EOF
    let mut buf = String::new();
    let mut handle = io::stdin();
    // On failure or EOF, return empty string
    match io::stdin().read_line(&mut buf) {
        Ok(_n) => { input = buf; },
        Err(_) => { input.clear(); }
    }
    while input.ends_with('\n') || input.ends_with('\r') {
        input.pop();
    }
    // Allocate C string (null-terminated)
    let mut bytes = input.into_bytes();
    bytes.push(0);
    let boxed = bytes.into_boxed_slice();
    let raw = Box::into_raw(boxed) as *mut u8;
    raw as *mut i8
}

// ---- String concat helpers for LLVM lowering ----
// Exported as: nyash.string.concat_ss(i8* a, i8* b) -> i8*
#[export_name = "nyash.string.concat_ss"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_concat_ss(a: *const i8, b: *const i8) -> *mut i8 {
    let mut s = String::new();
    unsafe {
        if !a.is_null() {
            if let Ok(sa) = std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(a).to_str() { s.push_str(sa); }
        }
        if !b.is_null() {
            if let Ok(sb) = std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(b).to_str() { s.push_str(sb); }
        }
    }
    let mut bytes = s.into_bytes();
    bytes.push(0);
    let boxed = bytes.into_boxed_slice();
    let raw = Box::into_raw(boxed) as *mut u8;
    raw as *mut i8
}

// Exported as: nyash.string.concat_si(i8* a, i64 b) -> i8*
#[export_name = "nyash.string.concat_si"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_concat_si(a: *const i8, b: i64) -> *mut i8 {
    let mut s = String::new();
    unsafe {
        if !a.is_null() {
            if let Ok(sa) = std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(a).to_str() { s.push_str(sa); }
        }
    }
    s.push_str(&b.to_string());
    let mut bytes = s.into_bytes();
    bytes.push(0);
    let boxed = bytes.into_boxed_slice();
    let raw = Box::into_raw(boxed) as *mut u8;
    raw as *mut i8
}

// Exported as: nyash.string.concat_is(i64 a, i8* b) -> i8*
#[export_name = "nyash.string.concat_is"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_concat_is(a: i64, b: *const i8) -> *mut i8 {
    let mut s = a.to_string();
    unsafe {
        if !b.is_null() {
            if let Ok(sb) = std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(b).to_str() { s.push_str(sb); }
        }
    }
    let mut bytes = s.into_bytes();
    bytes.push(0);
    let boxed = bytes.into_boxed_slice();
    let raw = Box::into_raw(boxed) as *mut u8;
    raw as *mut i8
}

// ---- Instance field helpers for LLVM lowering (handle-based) ----
// Exported as: nyash.instance.get_field_h(i64 handle, i8* name) -> i64
#[export_name = "nyash.instance.get_field_h"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_instance_get_field_h(handle: i64, name: *const i8) -> i64 {
    if handle <= 0 || name.is_null() { return 0; }
    let name = unsafe { std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(name) };
    let Ok(field) = name.to_str() else { return 0 };
    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(handle as u64) {
        if let Some(inst) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::instance_v2::InstanceBox>() {
            if let Some(shared) = inst.get_field(field) {
                let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::from(shared);
                let h = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc);
                return h as i64;
            }
        }
    }
    0
}

// Exported as: nyash.instance.set_field_h(i64 handle, i8* name, i64 val_h) -> i64
#[export_name = "nyash.instance.set_field_h"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_instance_set_field_h(handle: i64, name: *const i8, val_h: i64) -> i64 {
    if handle <= 0 || name.is_null() { return 0; }
    let name = unsafe { std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(name) };
    let Ok(field) = name.to_str() else { return 0 };
    if let Some(obj) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(handle as u64) {
        if let Some(inst) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::instance_v2::InstanceBox>() {
            if val_h > 0 {
                if let Some(val) = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::get(val_h as u64) {
                    let shared: nyash_rust::box_trait::SharedNyashBox = std::sync::Arc::clone(&val);
                    let _ = inst.set_field(field, shared);
                    return 0;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    0
}

// Exported as: nyash_array_set_h(i64 handle, i64 idx, i64 val) -> i64
#[no_mangle]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_array_set_h(handle: i64, idx: i64, val: i64) -> i64 {
    use nyash_rust::{jit::rt::handles, box_trait::IntegerBox};
    if handle <= 0 || idx < 0 { return 0; }
    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
        if let Some(arr) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::array::ArrayBox>() {
            let i = idx as usize;
            let len = arr.len();
            if i < len {
                let _ = arr.set(Box::new(IntegerBox::new(idx)), Box::new(IntegerBox::new(val)));
            } else if i == len {
                let _ = arr.push(Box::new(IntegerBox::new(val)));
            } else {
                // Do nothing for gaps (keep behavior conservative)
            }
            return 0;
        }
    }
    0
}

// Exported as: nyash_array_push_h(i64 handle, i64 val) -> i64 (returns new length)
#[no_mangle]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_array_push_h(handle: i64, val: i64) -> i64 {
    use nyash_rust::{jit::rt::handles, box_trait::{IntegerBox, NyashBox}};
    if handle <= 0 { return 0; }
    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
        if let Some(arr) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::array::ArrayBox>() {
            // If val is handle, try to use it; otherwise treat as integer
            let vbox: Box<dyn NyashBox> = if val > 0 {
                if let Some(o) = handles::get(val as u64) { o.clone_box() } else { Box::new(IntegerBox::new(val)) }
            } else { Box::new(IntegerBox::new(val)) };
            let _ = arr.push(vbox);
            return arr.len() as i64;
        }
    }
    0
}

// Exported as: nyash_array_length_h(i64 handle) -> i64
#[no_mangle]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_array_length_h(handle: i64) -> i64 {
    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles;
    if handle <= 0 { return 0; }
    if let Some(obj) = handles::get(handle as u64) {
        if let Some(arr) = obj.as_any().downcast_ref::<nyash_rust::boxes::array::ArrayBox>() {
            return arr.len() as i64;
        }
    }
    0
}

// Convert a VM argument (param index or existing handle) into a runtime handle
// Exported as: nyash.handle.of
#[export_name = "nyash.handle.of"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_handle_of_export(v: i64) -> i64 {
    use nyash_rust::jit::rt::{handles, with_legacy_vm_args};
    use nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox;
    use nyash_rust::runtime::plugin_loader_v2::PluginBoxV2;
    // If already a positive handle, pass through
    if v > 0 {
        return v;
    }
    // Otherwise treat as legacy param index and box-ref → handleize
    if v >= 0 {
        let idx = v as usize;
        let mut out: i64 = 0;
        with_legacy_vm_args(|args| {
            if let Some(nyash_rust::backend::vm::VMValue::BoxRef(b)) = args.get(idx) {
                // If it's a PluginBoxV2 or any NyashBox, register into handle registry
                // Note: store as NyashBox for uniform access
                let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::from(b.clone());
                out = handles::to_handle(arc) as i64;
            } else if let Some(nyash_rust::backend::vm::VMValue::BoxRef(b)) = args.get(idx) {
                let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::from(b.clone());
                out = handles::to_handle(arc) as i64;
            }
        });
        return out;
    }
    0
}

// ---- Reserved runtime/GC externs for AOT linking ----
// Exported as: nyash.rt.checkpoint
#[export_name = "nyash.rt.checkpoint"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_rt_checkpoint_export() -> i64 {
    if std::env::var("NYASH_RUNTIME_CHECKPOINT_TRACE").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
        eprintln!("[nyrt] nyash.rt.checkpoint reached");
    }
    0
}

// Exported as: nyash.gc.barrier_write
#[export_name = "nyash.gc.barrier_write"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_gc_barrier_write_export(handle_or_ptr: i64) -> i64 {
    let _ = handle_or_ptr;
    if std::env::var("NYASH_GC_BARRIER_TRACE").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
        eprintln!("[nyrt] nyash.gc.barrier_write h=0x{:x}", handle_or_ptr);
    }
    0
}

#[export_name = "nyash.string.birth_h"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_string_birth_h_export() -> i64 {
    // Create a new StringBox via unified plugin host; return runtime handle as i64
    if let Ok(host_g) = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host().read() {
        if let Ok(b) = host_g.create_box("StringBox", &[]) {
            let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::from(b);
            let h = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc);
            return h as i64;
        }
    }
    0
}

#[export_name = "nyash.integer.birth_h"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_integer_birth_h_export() -> i64 {
    if let Ok(host_g) = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host().read() {
        if let Ok(b) = host_g.create_box("IntegerBox", &[]) {
            let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::from(b);
            let h = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc);
            return h as i64;
        }
    }
    0
}
// ConsoleBox birth shim for AOT/JIT handle-based creation
#[export_name = "nyash.console.birth_h"]
pub extern "C" fn nyash_console_birth_h_export() -> i64 {
    if let Ok(host_g) = nyash_rust::runtime::get_global_plugin_host().read() {
        if let Ok(b) = host_g.create_box("ConsoleBox", &[]) {
            let arc: std::sync::Arc<dyn nyash_rust::box_trait::NyashBox> = std::sync::Arc::from(b);
            let h = nyash_rust::jit::rt::handles::to_handle(arc);
            return h as i64;
        }
    }
    0
}

// ---- Process entry (driver) ----
#[no_mangle]
pub extern "C" fn main() -> i32 {
    // Initialize plugin host: prefer nyash.toml next to the executable; fallback to CWD
    let exe_dir = std::env::current_exe().ok().and_then(|p| p.parent().map(|d| d.to_path_buf()));

    // Windows: assist DLL/plugin discovery by extending PATH and normalizing PYTHONHOME
    #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
    if let Some(dir) = &exe_dir {
        use std::path::PathBuf;
        // Extend PATH with exe_dir and exe_dir\plugins if not already present
        let mut path_val = std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default();
        let add_path = |pv: &mut String, p: &PathBuf| {
            let ps = p.display().to_string();
            if !pv.split(';').any(|seg| seg.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&ps)) {
                if !pv.is_empty() { pv.push(';'); }
                pv.push_str(&ps);
            }
        };
        add_path(&mut path_val, dir);
        let plug = dir.join("plugins"); if plug.is_dir() { add_path(&mut path_val, &plug); }
        std::env::set_var("PATH", &path_val);

        // Normalize PYTHONHOME: if unset, point to exe_dir\python when present.
        match std::env::var("PYTHONHOME") {
            Ok(v) => {
                // If relative, make absolute under exe_dir
                let pb = PathBuf::from(&v);
                if pb.is_relative() {
                    let abs = dir.join(pb);
                    std::env::set_var("PYTHONHOME", abs.display().to_string());
                }
            }
            Err(_) => {
                let cand = dir.join("python");
                if cand.is_dir() {
                    std::env::set_var("PYTHONHOME", cand.display().to_string());
                }
            }
        }
    }
    let mut inited = false;
    if let Some(dir) = &exe_dir {
        let candidate = dir.join("nyash.toml");
        if candidate.exists() {
            let _ = nyash_rust::runtime::init_global_plugin_host(candidate.to_string_lossy().as_ref());
            inited = true;
        }
    }
    if !inited {
        let _ = nyash_rust::runtime::init_global_plugin_host("nyash.toml");
    }
    // Optional verbosity
    if std::env::var("NYASH_CLI_VERBOSE").ok().as_deref() == Some("1") {
        println!("🔌 nyrt: plugin host init attempted (exe_dir={}, cwd={})",
            exe_dir.as_ref().map(|p| p.display().to_string()).unwrap_or_else(||"?".into()),
            std::env::current_dir().map(|p| p.display().to_string()).unwrap_or_else(|_|"?".into())
        );
    }
    // Call exported Nyash entry if linked: `ny_main` (i64 -> return code normalized)
    unsafe {
        extern "C" {
            fn ny_main() -> i64;
        }
        // SAFETY: if not linked, calling will be an unresolved symbol at link-time; we rely on link step to include ny_main.
        let v = ny_main();
        // Print standardized result line for golden comparisons
        println!("Result: {}", v);
        v as i32
    }
}