// tiny_unified_cache.h - Phase 23: Unified Frontend Cache (tcache-style)
//
// Goal: Flatten 4-5 layer frontend cascade into single-layer array cache
// Target: +50-100% performance (20.3M → 30-40M ops/s)
//
// Design (Task-sensei analysis):
//   - Replace: Ring → FastCache → SFC → TLS SLL (4 layers, 8-10 cache misses)
//   - With: Single unified array cache per class (1 layer, 2-3 cache misses)
//   - Fallback: Direct SuperSlab refill (skip intermediate layers)
//
// Performance:
//   - Alloc: 2-3 cache misses (TLS access + array access)
//   - Free: 2-3 cache misses (similar to System malloc tcache)
//   - vs Current: 8-10 cache misses → 2-3 cache misses (70% reduction)
//
// ENV Variables:
//   HAKMEM_TINY_UNIFIED_CACHE=1  # Enable Unified cache (default: 0, OFF)
//   HAKMEM_TINY_UNIFIED_C0=128   # C0 cache size (default: 128)
//   ...
//   HAKMEM_TINY_UNIFIED_C7=128   # C7 cache size (default: 128)

#ifndef HAK_FRONT_TINY_UNIFIED_CACHE_H
#define HAK_FRONT_TINY_UNIFIED_CACHE_H

#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdatomic.h>
#include "../hakmem_build_flags.h"
#include "../hakmem_tiny_config.h"  // For TINY_NUM_CLASSES
#include "../box/ptr_type_box.h"    // Phantom pointer types (BASE/USER)
#include "../box/tiny_front_config_box.h"  // Phase 8-Step1: Config macros
#include "../box/tiny_tcache_box.h"  // Phase 14 v1: Intrusive LIFO tcache
#include "../box/tiny_unified_cache_hitpath_env_box.h"  // Phase 74: LOCALIZE ENV gate

// ============================================================================
// Phase 3 C2 Patch 3: Bounds Check Compile-out
// ============================================================================
// Hardcode unified cache capacity as macro constants for compile-time optimization
// This allows the compiler to optimize modulo operations into bitwise AND
#define TINY_UNIFIED_CACHE_CAPACITY_POW2  11
#define TINY_UNIFIED_CACHE_CAPACITY       (1 << TINY_UNIFIED_CACHE_CAPACITY_POW2)  // 2048
#define TINY_UNIFIED_CACHE_MASK           (TINY_UNIFIED_CACHE_CAPACITY - 1)        // 2047

// ============================================================================
// Performance Measurement: Unified Cache (ENV-gated)
// ============================================================================
// Global atomic counters for production performance measurement
// ENV: HAKMEM_MEASURE_UNIFIED_CACHE=1 to enable (default: OFF)
extern _Atomic uint64_t g_unified_cache_hits_global;
extern _Atomic uint64_t g_unified_cache_misses_global;
extern _Atomic uint64_t g_unified_cache_refill_cycles_global;

// Per-class counters（観測用 Box、ENV でのみ有効）
extern _Atomic uint64_t g_unified_cache_hits_by_class[TINY_NUM_CLASSES];
extern _Atomic uint64_t g_unified_cache_misses_by_class[TINY_NUM_CLASSES];
extern _Atomic uint64_t g_unified_cache_refill_cycles_by_class[TINY_NUM_CLASSES];

// Print statistics function
void unified_cache_print_measurements(void);

// Check if measurement is enabled (inline for hot path)
static inline int unified_cache_measure_check(void) {
    static int g_measure = -1;
    if (__builtin_expect(g_measure == -1, 0)) {
        const char* e = getenv("HAKMEM_MEASURE_UNIFIED_CACHE");
        g_measure = (e && *e && *e != '0') ? 1 : 0;
    }
    return g_measure;
}

// ============================================================================
// Unified Cache Structure (per class)
// ============================================================================

typedef struct __attribute__((aligned(64))) {
    // slots は BASE ポインタ群を保持する（ユーザポインタではない）。
    // API では hak_base_ptr_t で型安全に扱い、内部表現は void* のまま。
    void** slots;      // Dynamic array of BASE pointers (allocated at init)
    uint16_t head;     // Pop index (consumer)
    uint16_t tail;     // Push index (producer)
    uint16_t capacity; // Cache size (power of 2 for fast modulo: & (capacity-1))
    uint16_t mask;     // Capacity - 1 (for fast modulo)
} TinyUnifiedCache;

// ============================================================================
// External TLS Variables (defined in tiny_unified_cache.c)
// ============================================================================

extern __thread TinyUnifiedCache g_unified_cache[TINY_NUM_CLASSES];

// ============================================================================
// Metrics (Phase 23, optional for debugging)
// ============================================================================

#if !HAKMEM_BUILD_RELEASE || HAKMEM_UNIFIED_CACHE_STATS_COMPILED
extern __thread uint64_t g_unified_cache_hit[TINY_NUM_CLASSES];    // Alloc hits
extern __thread uint64_t g_unified_cache_miss[TINY_NUM_CLASSES];   // Alloc misses
extern __thread uint64_t g_unified_cache_push[TINY_NUM_CLASSES];   // Free pushes
extern __thread uint64_t g_unified_cache_full[TINY_NUM_CLASSES];   // Free full (fallback to SuperSlab)
#else
// Release-side lightweight C7 warm path counters (for smoke validation)
extern _Atomic uint64_t g_rel_c7_warm_pop;
extern _Atomic uint64_t g_rel_c7_warm_push;
#endif

// ============================================================================
// ENV Control (cached, lazy init)
// ============================================================================

// Phase 8-Step1-Fix: Forward declaration only (implementation in .c file)
// Enable flag (default: 0, OFF) - implemented in tiny_unified_cache.c
int unified_cache_enabled(void);

// Per-class capacity (default: Hot_2048 strategy - optimized for 256B workload)
// Phase 23 Capacity Optimization Result: Hot_2048 = 14.63M ops/s (+43% vs baseline)
// Hot classes (C2/C3: 128B/256B) get 2048 slots, others get 64 slots
static inline size_t unified_capacity(int class_idx) {
    static size_t g_cap[TINY_NUM_CLASSES] = {0};
    if (__builtin_expect(g_cap[class_idx] == 0, 0)) {
        char env_name[64];
        snprintf(env_name, sizeof(env_name), "HAKMEM_TINY_UNIFIED_C%d", class_idx);
        const char* e = getenv(env_name);

        // Default: Hot_2048 strategy
        //   - C2/C3 (128B/256B): 2048 slots（超ホット Tiny）
        //   - C5/C6/C7 (>=129B): 128 slots（Mixed 用に拡張）
        //   - その他: 64 slots（コールド）
        size_t default_cap = 64;  // Cold classes
        if (class_idx == 2 || class_idx == 3) {
            default_cap = 2048;  // Hot Tiny classes (128B, 256B)
        } else if (class_idx >= 5 && class_idx <= 7) {
            default_cap = 128;   // Mixed workload classes (C5-C7: 129B-1024B)
        }

        g_cap[class_idx] = (e && *e) ? (size_t)atoi(e) : default_cap;

        // Round up to power of 2 (for fast modulo)
        if (g_cap[class_idx] < 32) g_cap[class_idx] = 32;
        if (g_cap[class_idx] > 4096) g_cap[class_idx] = 4096;  // Increased limit for Hot_2048

        // Ensure power of 2
        size_t pow2 = 32;
        while (pow2 < g_cap[class_idx]) pow2 *= 2;
        g_cap[class_idx] = pow2;

#if !HAKMEM_BUILD_RELEASE || HAKMEM_UNIFIED_CACHE_STATS_COMPILED
        fprintf(stderr, "[Unified-INIT] C%d capacity = %zu (power of 2)\n", class_idx, g_cap[class_idx]);
        fflush(stderr);
#endif
    }
    return g_cap[class_idx];
}

// ============================================================================
// Init/Shutdown Forward Declarations
// ============================================================================

void unified_cache_init(void);
void unified_cache_shutdown(void);
void unified_cache_print_stats(void);

// ============================================================================
// Phase 23-D: Self-Contained Refill (Box U1 + Box U2 integration)
// ============================================================================

// Batch refill from SuperSlab (called on cache miss)
// Returns: BASE pointer (first block), or NULL if failed
void* unified_cache_refill(int class_idx);

// ============================================================================
// Ultra-Fast Pop/Push (2-3 cache misses, tcache-style)
// ============================================================================

// Pop from unified cache (alloc fast path)
// Returns: BASE pointer (wrapped hak_base_ptr_t; callerがUSERへ変換)
static inline hak_base_ptr_t unified_cache_pop(int class_idx) {
    // Phase 8-Step1: Use config macro for dead code elimination in PGO mode
    // Fast path: Unified cache disabled → return NULL immediately
    #include "../box/tiny_front_config_box.h"
    if (__builtin_expect(!TINY_FRONT_UNIFIED_CACHE_ENABLED, 0))
        return HAK_BASE_FROM_RAW(NULL);

    TinyUnifiedCache* cache = &g_unified_cache[class_idx];  // 1 cache miss (TLS)

    // Phase 8-Step3: Lazy init check (conditional in PGO mode)
    // Phase 46A: Skip lazy-init check in FAST bench (guaranteed by startup init)
    // PGO builds assume bench_fast_init() prewarmed cache → remove check (-1 branch)
    #if !HAKMEM_TINY_FRONT_PGO && !HAKMEM_BENCH_MINIMAL
    // Lazy init check (once per thread, per class)
    if (__builtin_expect(cache->slots == NULL, 0)) {
        unified_cache_init();  // First call in this thread
        // Re-check after init (may fail if allocation failed)
        if (cache->slots == NULL)
            return HAK_BASE_FROM_RAW(NULL);
    }
    #endif

    // Empty check
    if (__builtin_expect(cache->head == cache->tail, 0)) {
#if !HAKMEM_BUILD_RELEASE || HAKMEM_UNIFIED_CACHE_STATS_COMPILED
        g_unified_cache_miss[class_idx]++;
#endif
        return HAK_BASE_FROM_RAW(NULL);  // Empty
    }

    // Pop from head (consumer)
    void* base = cache->slots[cache->head];  // 1 cache miss (array access)
    cache->head = (cache->head + 1) & cache->mask;  // Fast modulo (power of 2)

#if !HAKMEM_BUILD_RELEASE || HAKMEM_UNIFIED_CACHE_STATS_COMPILED
    g_unified_cache_hit[class_idx]++;
#endif

    return HAK_BASE_FROM_RAW(base);  // Return BASE pointer (2-3 cache misses total)
}

// Push to unified cache (free fast path)
// Input: BASE pointer (wrapped hak_base_ptr_t; caller must pass BASE, not USER)
// Returns: 1=SUCCESS, 0=FULL
static inline int unified_cache_push(int class_idx, hak_base_ptr_t base) {
    // Phase 8-Step1: Use config macro for dead code elimination in PGO mode
    // Fast path: Unified cache disabled → return 0 (not handled)
    if (__builtin_expect(!TINY_FRONT_UNIFIED_CACHE_ENABLED, 0)) return 0;

    void* base_raw = HAK_BASE_TO_RAW(base);

#if HAKMEM_TINY_TCACHE_COMPILED
    // Phase 14 v1: Try tcache first (intrusive LIFO, no array access)
    // Phase 22: Compile-out when disabled (default OFF)
    if (tiny_tcache_try_push(class_idx, base_raw)) {
        return 1;  // SUCCESS (tcache hit, no array access)
    }
#endif

    // Tcache overflow/disabled/compiled-out → fall through to array cache
    TinyUnifiedCache* cache = &g_unified_cache[class_idx];  // 1 cache miss (TLS)

    // Phase 8-Step3: Lazy init check (conditional in PGO mode)
    // Phase 46A: Skip lazy-init check in FAST bench (guaranteed by startup init)
    // PGO builds assume bench_fast_init() prewarmed cache → remove check (-1 branch)
    #if !HAKMEM_TINY_FRONT_PGO && !HAKMEM_BENCH_MINIMAL
    // Lazy init check (once per thread, per class)
    if (__builtin_expect(cache->slots == NULL, 0)) {
        unified_cache_init();  // First call in this thread
        // Re-check after init (may fail if allocation failed)
        if (cache->slots == NULL) return 0;
    }
    #endif

    // Phase 74-2: LOCALIZE optimization (compile-time gate, no runtime branch)
#if HAKMEM_TINY_UC_LOCALIZE_COMPILED
    // LOCALIZE: Load head/tail/mask once into locals to avoid reload dependency chains
    uint16_t head = cache->head;
    uint16_t tail = cache->tail;
    uint16_t mask = cache->mask;
    uint16_t next_tail = (tail + 1) & mask;

    if (__builtin_expect(next_tail == head, 0)) {
#if !HAKMEM_BUILD_RELEASE || HAKMEM_UNIFIED_CACHE_STATS_COMPILED
        g_unified_cache_full[class_idx]++;
#endif
        return 0;  // Full
    }

    cache->slots[tail] = base_raw;
    cache->tail = next_tail;

#if !HAKMEM_BUILD_RELEASE || HAKMEM_UNIFIED_CACHE_STATS_COMPILED
    g_unified_cache_push[class_idx]++;
#endif
    return 1;  // SUCCESS (LOCALIZE path)
#else
    // Default path: Original implementation
    uint16_t next_tail = (cache->tail + 1) & cache->mask;

    // Full check (leave 1 slot empty to distinguish full/empty)
    if (__builtin_expect(next_tail == cache->head, 0)) {
#if !HAKMEM_BUILD_RELEASE || HAKMEM_UNIFIED_CACHE_STATS_COMPILED
        g_unified_cache_full[class_idx]++;
#endif
        return 0;  // Full
    }

    // Push to tail (producer)
    cache->slots[cache->tail] = base_raw;  // 1 cache miss (array write)
    cache->tail = next_tail;

#if !HAKMEM_BUILD_RELEASE || HAKMEM_UNIFIED_CACHE_STATS_COMPILED
    g_unified_cache_push[class_idx]++;
#endif

    return 1;  // SUCCESS (2-3 cache misses total)
#endif  // HAKMEM_TINY_UC_LOCALIZE_COMPILED
}

// ============================================================================
// Phase 74-3 (P0): FASTAPI - Fast-path push (assumes preconditions met)
// ============================================================================
// Preconditions (caller must ensure):
//   - Unified cache is enabled (TINY_FRONT_UNIFIED_CACHE_ENABLED == 1)
//   - TLS cache is initialized (cache->slots != NULL)
//   - Stats are compiled-out or caller doesn't need them
// Returns: 1=SUCCESS, 0=FULL (same as unified_cache_push)
static inline int unified_cache_push_fast(int class_idx, hak_base_ptr_t base) {
    void* base_raw = HAK_BASE_TO_RAW(base);
    TinyUnifiedCache* cache = &g_unified_cache[class_idx];

    uint16_t next_tail = (cache->tail + 1) & cache->mask;

    // Full check (leave 1 slot empty to distinguish full/empty)
    if (__builtin_expect(next_tail == cache->head, 0)) {
#if !HAKMEM_BUILD_RELEASE || HAKMEM_UNIFIED_CACHE_STATS_COMPILED
        g_unified_cache_full[class_idx]++;
#endif
        return 0;  // Full
    }

    // Push to tail (producer)
    cache->slots[cache->tail] = base_raw;
    cache->tail = next_tail;

#if !HAKMEM_BUILD_RELEASE || HAKMEM_UNIFIED_CACHE_STATS_COMPILED
    g_unified_cache_push[class_idx]++;
#endif

    return 1;  // SUCCESS (FASTAPI path)
}

// ============================================================================
// Phase 23-D: Self-Contained Pop-or-Refill (tcache-style, single-layer)
// ============================================================================

// All-in-one: Pop from cache, or refill from SuperSlab on miss
// Returns: BASE pointer (wrapped hak_base_ptr_t), or NULL-wrapped if failed
// Design: Self-contained, bypasses all other frontend layers (Ring/FC/SFC/SLL)
static inline hak_base_ptr_t unified_cache_pop_or_refill(int class_idx) {
    // Phase 8-Step1: Use config macro for dead code elimination in PGO mode
    // Fast path: Unified cache disabled → NULL-wrapped (caller uses legacy cascade)
    if (__builtin_expect(!TINY_FRONT_UNIFIED_CACHE_ENABLED, 0))
        return HAK_BASE_FROM_RAW(NULL);

    TinyUnifiedCache* cache = &g_unified_cache[class_idx];  // 1 cache miss (TLS)

    // Phase 8-Step3: Lazy init check (conditional in PGO mode)
    // Phase 46A: Skip lazy-init check in FAST bench (guaranteed by startup init)
    // PGO builds assume bench_fast_init() prewarmed cache → remove check (-1 branch)
    #if !HAKMEM_TINY_FRONT_PGO && !HAKMEM_BENCH_MINIMAL
    // Lazy init check (once per thread, per class)
    if (__builtin_expect(cache->slots == NULL, 0)) {
        unified_cache_init();
        if (cache->slots == NULL)
            return HAK_BASE_FROM_RAW(NULL);
    }
    #endif

#if HAKMEM_TINY_TCACHE_COMPILED
    // Phase 14 v1: Try tcache first (intrusive LIFO, no array access)
    // Phase 22: Compile-out when disabled (default OFF)
    void* tcache_base = tiny_tcache_try_pop(class_idx);
    if (tcache_base != NULL) {
#if !HAKMEM_BUILD_RELEASE || HAKMEM_UNIFIED_CACHE_STATS_COMPILED
        g_unified_cache_hit[class_idx]++;
#endif
#if HAKMEM_TINY_UNIFIED_CACHE_MEASURE_COMPILED
        // Phase 23: Performance measurement (compile-out when disabled, default OFF)
        if (__builtin_expect(unified_cache_measure_check(), 0)) {
            atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&g_unified_cache_hits_global,
                                      1, memory_order_relaxed);
            atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&g_unified_cache_hits_by_class[class_idx],
                                      1, memory_order_relaxed);
        }
#endif
        return HAK_BASE_FROM_RAW(tcache_base);  // HIT (tcache, no array access)
    }
#endif

    // Phase 74-2: LOCALIZE optimization (compile-time gate, no runtime branch)
#if HAKMEM_TINY_UC_LOCALIZE_COMPILED
    // LOCALIZE: Load head/tail/mask once into locals to avoid reload dependency chains
    uint16_t head = cache->head;
    uint16_t tail = cache->tail;
    uint16_t mask = cache->mask;

    if (__builtin_expect(head != tail, 1)) {
        void* base = cache->slots[head];
        cache->head = (head + 1) & mask;
#if !HAKMEM_BUILD_RELEASE || HAKMEM_UNIFIED_CACHE_STATS_COMPILED
        g_unified_cache_hit[class_idx]++;
#endif
#if HAKMEM_TINY_UNIFIED_CACHE_MEASURE_COMPILED
        if (__builtin_expect(unified_cache_measure_check(), 0)) {
            atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&g_unified_cache_hits_global,
                                      1, memory_order_relaxed);
            atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&g_unified_cache_hits_by_class[class_idx],
                                      1, memory_order_relaxed);
        }
#endif
        return HAK_BASE_FROM_RAW(base);  // Hit! (LOCALIZE path)
    }

    // Cache miss → Batch refill from SuperSlab
#if !HAKMEM_BUILD_RELEASE || HAKMEM_UNIFIED_CACHE_STATS_COMPILED
    g_unified_cache_miss[class_idx]++;
#endif
    return unified_cache_refill(class_idx);
#else
    // Default path: Original implementation
    // Tcache miss/disabled/compiled-out → try pop from array cache (fast path)
    if (__builtin_expect(cache->head != cache->tail, 1)) {
        void* base = cache->slots[cache->head];  // 1 cache miss (array access)
        cache->head = (cache->head + 1) & cache->mask;
#if !HAKMEM_BUILD_RELEASE || HAKMEM_UNIFIED_CACHE_STATS_COMPILED
        g_unified_cache_hit[class_idx]++;
#endif
#if HAKMEM_TINY_UNIFIED_CACHE_MEASURE_COMPILED
        // Phase 23: Performance measurement (compile-out when disabled, default OFF)
        if (__builtin_expect(unified_cache_measure_check(), 0)) {
            atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&g_unified_cache_hits_global,
                                      1, memory_order_relaxed);
            // Per-class ヒット（C5–C7 の利用率も可視化）
            atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&g_unified_cache_hits_by_class[class_idx],
                                      1, memory_order_relaxed);
        }
#endif
        return HAK_BASE_FROM_RAW(base);  // Hit! (2-3 cache misses total)
    }

    // Cache miss → Batch refill from SuperSlab
#if !HAKMEM_BUILD_RELEASE || HAKMEM_UNIFIED_CACHE_STATS_COMPILED
    g_unified_cache_miss[class_idx]++;
#endif
    return unified_cache_refill(class_idx);  // Refill + return first block (BASE)
#endif  // HAKMEM_TINY_UC_LOCALIZE_COMPILED
}

#endif // HAK_FRONT_TINY_UNIFIED_CACHE_H