Add Larson performance analysis and optimized profile
Ultrathink analysis reveals root cause of 4x performance gap: Key Findings: - Single-thread: HAKMEM 0.46M ops/s vs system 4.29M ops/s (10.7%) - Multi-thread: HAKMEM 1.81M ops/s vs system 7.23M ops/s (25.0%) - Root cause: malloc() entry point has 8+ branch checks - Bottleneck: Fast Path is structurally complex vs system tcache Files Added: - LARSON_PERFORMANCE_ANALYSIS_2025_11_05.md: Detailed analysis with 3 optimization strategies - scripts/profiles/tinyhot_optimized.env: CLAUDE.md-based optimized config Proposed Solutions: - Option A: Optimize malloc() guard checks (+200-400% expected) - Option B: Improve refill efficiency (+30-50% expected) - Option C: Complete Fast Path simplification (+400-800% expected) Target: Achieve 60-80% of system malloc performance
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LARSON_PERFORMANCE_ANALYSIS_2025_11_05.md
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LARSON_PERFORMANCE_ANALYSIS_2025_11_05.md
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# Larson Benchmark Performance Analysis - 2025-11-05
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## 🎯 Executive Summary
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**HAKMEM は system malloc の 25% (threads=4) / 10.7% (threads=1) しか出ていない**
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- **Root Cause**: Fast Path 自体が複雑(シングルスレッドで既に 10倍遅い)
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- **Bottleneck**: malloc() エントリーポイントの 8+ 分岐チェック
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- **Impact**: Larson benchmark で致命的な性能低下
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---
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## 📊 測定結果
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### 性能比較 (Larson benchmark, size=8-128B)
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| 測定条件 | HAKMEM | system malloc | HAKMEM/system |
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|----------|--------|---------------|---------------|
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| **Single-thread (threads=1)** | **0.46M ops/s** | **4.29M ops/s** | **10.7%** 💀 |
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| Multi-thread (threads=4) | 1.81M ops/s | 7.23M ops/s | 25.0% |
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| **Performance Gap** | - | - | **-75% @ MT, -89% @ ST** |
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### A/B テスト結果 (threads=4)
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| Profile | Throughput | vs system | 設定の違い |
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|---------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
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| tinyhot_tput | 1.81M ops/s | 25.0% | Fast Cap 64, Adopt ON |
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| tinyhot_best | 1.76M ops/s | 24.4% | Fast Cap 16, TLS List OFF |
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| tinyhot_noadopt | 1.73M ops/s | 23.9% | Adopt OFF |
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| tinyhot_sll256 | 1.38M ops/s | 19.1% | SLL Cap 256 |
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| tinyhot_optimized | 1.23M ops/s | 17.0% | Fast Cap 16, Magazine OFF |
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**結論**: プロファイル調整では改善せず(-3.9% ~ +0.6% の微差)
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---
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## 🔬 Root Cause Analysis
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### 問題1: malloc() エントリーポイントが複雑 (Primary Bottleneck)
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**Location**: `core/hakmem.c:1250-1316`
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**System tcache との比較:**
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| System tcache | HAKMEM malloc() |
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|---------------|----------------|
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| 0 branches | **8+ branches** (毎回実行) |
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| 3-4 instructions | 50+ instructions |
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| 直接 tcache pop | 多段階チェック → Fast Path |
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**Overhead 分析:**
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```c
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void* malloc(size_t size) {
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// Branch 1: Recursion guard
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if (g_hakmem_lock_depth > 0) { return __libc_malloc(size); }
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// Branch 2: Initialization guard
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if (g_initializing != 0) { return __libc_malloc(size); }
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// Branch 3: Force libc check
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if (hak_force_libc_alloc()) { return __libc_malloc(size); }
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// Branch 4: LD_PRELOAD mode check (getenv呼び出しの可能性)
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int ld_mode = hak_ld_env_mode();
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// Branch 5-8: jemalloc, initialization, LD_SAFE, size check...
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// ↓ ようやく Fast Path
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#ifdef HAKMEM_TINY_FAST_PATH
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void* ptr = tiny_fast_alloc(size);
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#endif
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}
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```
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**推定コスト**: 8 branches × 5 cycles/branch = **40 cycles overhead** (system tcache は 0)
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---
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### 問題2: Fast Path の階層が深い
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**HAKMEM 呼び出し経路:**
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```
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malloc() [8+ branches]
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↓
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tiny_fast_alloc() [class mapping]
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↓
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g_tiny_fast_cache[class] pop [3-4 instructions]
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↓ (cache miss)
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tiny_fast_refill() [function call overhead]
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↓
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for (i=0; i<16; i++) [loop]
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hak_tiny_alloc() [複雑な内部処理]
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```
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**System tcache 呼び出し経路:**
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```
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malloc()
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↓
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tcache[class] pop [3-4 instructions]
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↓ (cache miss)
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_int_malloc() [chunk from bin]
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```
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**差分**: HAKMEM は 4-5 階層、system は 2 階層
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---
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### 問題3: Refill コストが高い
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**Location**: `core/tiny_fastcache.c:58-78`
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**現在の実装:**
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```c
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// Batch refill: 16個を個別に取得
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for (int i = 0; i < TINY_FAST_REFILL_BATCH; i++) {
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void* ptr = hak_tiny_alloc(size); // 関数呼び出し × 16
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*(void**)ptr = g_tiny_fast_cache[class_idx];
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g_tiny_fast_cache[class_idx] = ptr;
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}
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```
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**問題点:**
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- `hak_tiny_alloc()` を 16 回呼ぶ(関数呼び出しオーバーヘッド)
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- 各呼び出しで内部の Magazine/SuperSlab を経由
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- Larson は malloc/free が頻繁 → refill も頻繁 → コスト増大
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**推定コスト**: 16 calls × 100 cycles/call = **1,600 cycles** (system tcache は ~200 cycles)
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---
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## 💡 改善案
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### Option A: malloc() ガードチェック最適化 ⭐⭐⭐⭐
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**Goal**: 分岐数を 8+ → 2-3 に削減
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**Implementation:**
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```c
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void* malloc(size_t size) {
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// Fast path: 初期化済み & Tiny サイズ
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if (__builtin_expect(g_initialized && size <= 128, 1)) {
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// Direct inline TLS cache access (0 extra branches!)
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int cls = size_to_class_inline(size);
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void* head = g_tls_cache[cls];
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if (head) {
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g_tls_cache[cls] = *(void**)head;
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return head; // 🚀 3-4 instructions total
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}
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// Cache miss → refill
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return tiny_fast_refill(cls);
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}
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// Slow path: 既存のチェック群 (初回のみ or 非 Tiny サイズ)
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if (g_hakmem_lock_depth > 0) { return __libc_malloc(size); }
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// ... 他のチェック
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}
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```
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**Expected Improvement**: +200-400% (0.46M → 1.4-2.3M ops/s @ threads=1)
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**Risk**: Low (分岐を並び替えるだけ)
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**Effort**: 3-5 days
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---
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### Option B: Refill 効率化 ⭐⭐⭐
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**Goal**: Refill コストを 1,600 cycles → 200 cycles に削減
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**Implementation:**
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```c
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void* tiny_fast_refill(int class_idx) {
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// Before: hak_tiny_alloc() を 16 回呼ぶ
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// After: SuperSlab から直接 batch 取得
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void* batch[64];
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int count = superslab_batch_alloc(class_idx, batch, 64);
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// Push to cache in one pass
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for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
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*(void**)batch[i] = g_tls_cache[class_idx];
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g_tls_cache[class_idx] = batch[i];
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}
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// Pop one for caller
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void* result = g_tls_cache[class_idx];
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g_tls_cache[class_idx] = *(void**)result;
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return result;
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}
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```
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**Expected Improvement**: +30-50% (追加効果)
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**Risk**: Medium (SuperSlab への batch API 追加が必要)
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**Effort**: 5-7 days
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---
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### Option C: Fast Path 完全単純化 (Ultimate) ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
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**Goal**: System tcache と同等の設計 (3-4 instructions)
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**Implementation:**
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```c
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// 1. malloc() を完全に書き直し
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void* malloc(size_t size) {
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// Ultra-fast path: 条件チェック最小化
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if (__builtin_expect(size <= 128, 1)) {
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return tiny_ultra_fast_alloc(size);
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}
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// Slow path (非 Tiny)
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return hak_alloc_at(size, HAK_CALLSITE());
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}
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// 2. Ultra-fast allocator (inline)
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static inline void* tiny_ultra_fast_alloc(size_t size) {
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int cls = size_to_class_inline(size);
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void* head = g_tls_cache[cls];
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if (__builtin_expect(head != NULL, 1)) {
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g_tls_cache[cls] = *(void**)head;
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return head; // HIT: 3-4 instructions
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}
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// MISS: refill
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return tiny_ultra_fast_refill(cls);
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}
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```
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**Expected Improvement**: +400-800% (0.46M → 2.3-4.1M ops/s @ threads=1)
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**Risk**: Medium-High (malloc() 全体の再設計)
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**Effort**: 1-2 weeks
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---
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## 🎯 推奨アクション
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### Phase 1 (1週間): Option A (ガードチェック最適化)
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**Priority**: High
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**Impact**: High (+200-400%)
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**Risk**: Low
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**Steps:**
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1. `g_initialized` をキャッシュ化(TLS 変数)
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2. Fast path を最優先に移動
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3. 分岐予測ヒントを追加 (`__builtin_expect`)
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**Success Criteria**: 0.46M → 1.4M ops/s @ threads=1 (+200%)
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---
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### Phase 2 (3-5日): Option B (Refill 効率化)
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**Priority**: Medium
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**Impact**: Medium (+30-50%)
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**Risk**: Medium
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**Steps:**
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1. `superslab_batch_alloc()` API を実装
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2. `tiny_fast_refill()` を書き直し
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3. A/B テストで効果確認
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**Success Criteria**: 追加 +30% (1.4M → 1.8M ops/s @ threads=1)
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---
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### Phase 3 (1-2週間): Option C (Fast Path 完全単純化)
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**Priority**: High (Long-term)
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**Impact**: Very High (+400-800%)
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**Risk**: Medium-High
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**Steps:**
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1. `malloc()` を完全に書き直し
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2. System tcache と同等の設計
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3. 段階的リリース(feature flag で切り替え)
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**Success Criteria**: 2.3-4.1M ops/s @ threads=1 (system の 54-95%)
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---
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## 📚 参考資料
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### 既存の最適化 (CLAUDE.md より)
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**Phase 6-1.7 (Box Refactor):**
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- 達成: 1.68M → 2.75M ops/s (+64%)
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- 手法: TLS freelist 直接 pop、Batch Refill
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- **しかし**: これでも system の 25% しか出ていない
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**Phase 6-2.1 (P0 Optimization):**
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- 達成: superslab_refill の O(n) → O(1) 化
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- 効果: 内部 -12% だが全体効果は限定的
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- **教訓**: Bottleneck は malloc() エントリーポイント
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### System tcache 仕様
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**GNU libc tcache (per-thread cache):**
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- 64 bins (16B - 1024B)
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- 7 blocks per bin (default)
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- **Fast path**: 3-4 instructions (no lock, no branch)
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- **Refill**: _int_malloc() から chunk を取得
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**mimalloc:**
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- Free list per size class
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- Thread-local pages
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- **Fast path**: 4-5 instructions
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- **Refill**: Page から batch 取得
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---
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## 🔍 関連ファイル
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- `core/hakmem.c:1250-1316` - malloc() エントリーポイント
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- `core/tiny_fastcache.c:41-88` - Fast Path refill
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- `core/tiny_alloc_fast.inc.h` - Box 5 Fast Path 実装
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- `scripts/profiles/tinyhot_*.env` - A/B テスト用プロファイル
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---
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## 📝 結論
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**HAKMEM の Larson 性能低下(-75%)は、Fast Path の構造的な問題が原因。**
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1. ✅ **Root Cause 特定**: シングルスレッドで 10.7% しか出ていない
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2. ✅ **Bottleneck 特定**: malloc() エントリーポイントの 8+ 分岐
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3. ✅ **解決策提案**: Option A (分岐削減) で +200-400% 改善可能
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**次のステップ**: Option A の実装を開始 → Phase 1 で 0.46M → 1.4M ops/s を達成
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---
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**Date**: 2025-11-05
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**Author**: Claude (Ultrathink Analysis Mode)
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**Status**: Analysis Complete ✅
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25
scripts/profiles/tinyhot_optimized.env
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scripts/profiles/tinyhot_optimized.env
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# CLAUDE.md optimized settings for Larson
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export HAKMEM_TINY_FAST_PATH=1
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export HAKMEM_TINY_USE_SUPERSLAB=1
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export HAKMEM_USE_SUPERSLAB=1
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export HAKMEM_TINY_SS_ADOPT=1
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export HAKMEM_WRAP_TINY=1
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# Key optimizations from CLAUDE.md
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export HAKMEM_TINY_FAST_CAP=16 # Reduced from 64
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export HAKMEM_TINY_FAST_CAP_0=16
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export HAKMEM_TINY_FAST_CAP_1=16
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export HAKMEM_TINY_REFILL_COUNT_HOT=64
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# Disable magazine layers
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export HAKMEM_TINY_TLS_SLL=1
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export HAKMEM_TINY_TLS_LIST=0
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export HAKMEM_TINY_HOTMAG=0
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# Debug OFF
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export HAKMEM_TINY_TRACE_RING=0
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export HAKMEM_SAFE_FREE=0
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export HAKMEM_TINY_REMOTE_GUARD=0
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export HAKMEM_DEBUG_COUNTERS=0
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export HAKMEM_TINY_PHASE6_BOX_REFACTOR=1
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