423 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
423 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
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# Phase 6.25+6.27: Refill Batching + Learner Integration 結果
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**日付**: 2025-10-24
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**ステータス**: ⚠️ **目標未達成(+1.1% のみ、予想 +15-25%)**
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**結論**: **Architectural issues 発見 → 根本的な再設計が必要**
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---
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## 📊 Benchmark 結果
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### Mid Pool Performance (2KB-32KB, 10s)
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#### 1 Thread
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| Version | Throughput | vs Baseline | vs Quick wins | vs mimalloc |
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|---------|------------|-------------|---------------|-------------|
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| Quick wins (baseline) | 4.03 M/s | baseline | baseline | 27.7% |
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| + Phase 6.25 (batch=1) | 3.96 M/s | **-1.7%** | -1.7% | 27.2% |
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| + Phase 6.25 (batch=2) | 3.99 M/s | **-1.0%** | -1.0% | 27.4% |
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| + Phase 6.27 (learner) | 3.92 M/s | **-2.7%** | -2.7% | 26.9% |
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#### 4 Threads
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| Version | Throughput | vs Baseline | vs Quick wins | vs mimalloc |
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|---------|------------|-------------|---------------|-------------|
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| Quick wins (baseline) | 13.78 M/s | baseline | baseline | 46.7% |
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| + Phase 6.25 (batch=1) | 13.53 M/s | **-1.8%** | -1.8% | 45.8% |
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| + Phase 6.25 (batch=2) | 13.68 M/s | **-0.7%** | -0.7% | 46.4% |
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| + Phase 6.27 (learner) | 13.33 M/s | **-3.3%** | -3.3% | 45.2% |
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**mimalloc reference**: Mid 1T = 14.56 M/s, Mid 4T = 29.50 M/s
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### Summary
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- **Phase 6.25 (Refill Batching)**: batch=1 vs batch=2 で **+1.1%** のみ(予想 +10-15%)
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- **Phase 6.27 (Learner)**: **-1.5%** 悪化(予想 +5-10%、実際はオーバーヘッド)
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---
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## 🚀 実装内容
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### Phase 6.25 本体: Refill Batching
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**目標**: Mid Pool refill の batch 化で latency 削減
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**実装**:
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1. `alloc_tls_page_batch()` 関数追加(~70 LOC)
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2. Refill call site を batch allocation に変更(~60 LOC)
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3. 環境変数 `HAKMEM_POOL_REFILL_BATCH=1-4`(default 2)
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**変更ファイル**:
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- `hakmem_pool.c`: +135 LOC
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**期待効果**: +10-15% (Mid 1T)
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**実測効果**: **+1.1%** (Mid 4T)
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### Phase 6.27: Learner Integration
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**目標**: 既存 learner を有効化して adaptive tuning
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**実装**:
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- 既存の learner インフラを活用(コード変更なし)
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- `docs/specs/ENV_VARS.md` にドキュメント追加
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**使い方**:
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```bash
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HAKMEM_LEARN=1 \
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HAKMEM_TARGET_HIT_MID=0.75 \
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HAKMEM_CAP_STEP_MID=8 \
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HAKMEM_CAP_MAX_MID=512 \
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./your_app
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```
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**期待効果**: +5-10%
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**実測効果**: **-1.5%** (overhead)
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---
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## 💔 失敗の分析
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### Phase 6.25 が効かなかった理由
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#### 仮説: TLS Ring (32 slots) が十分大きい
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**検証**:
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- Ring capacity: 32 slots
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- Refill 頻度: Ring が空になる頻度が低い
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- **結論**: Batch 化しても refill 回数が少ないため効果薄
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**証拠**:
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- batch=1 vs batch=2: わずか **+1.1%**
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- batch=4 でも大きな改善は見込めない(refill 自体が稀)
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#### 真のボトルネック
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**Task先生の診断**:
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1. **Lock Contention (50% of gap)**: 56 mutexes が最大ボトルネック
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2. **Hash Table Lookups (25% of gap)**: Page descriptor lookup が遅い
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3. **Excess Branching (15% of gap)**: Allocation path が複雑
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→ **Refill は全体の 5% 未満のボトルネック**
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### Phase 6.27 が悪化した理由
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#### 短時間測定での overhead
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**問題**:
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- Learner は background thread で 1秒ごとにポーリング
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- 10秒測定では適応時間不足
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- Background thread の CPU overhead が顕在化
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**検証**:
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- 60秒以上の長時間測定が必要
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- または、learner を無効化して静的 CAP を使うべき
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---
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## 🔬 mimalloc Deep Analysis による発見
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### hakmem vs mimalloc 根本的差異
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Task先生が作成した **1200行の詳細分析**(`MIMALLOC_DEEP_ANALYSIS_2025_10_24.md`)から:
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#### Architectural 比較
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| Feature | hakmem | mimalloc | Gap |
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|---------|--------|----------|-----|
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| **Lock usage** | **56 mutexes** | **0 locks** | ∞ |
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| **Fast path** | 20-30 instructions | 7 instructions | **3-4x** |
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| **Branches** | 7-10 branches | 2 branches | **3.5-5x** |
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| **Hash lookups** | 2-4 per operation | 0 | **∞** |
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| **Metadata overhead** | 0.39-0.98% | 0.12% | **3.25x** |
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#### Performance Model
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**mimalloc fast path (idealized)**:
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```
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Cost = TLS_load + size_check + bin_lookup + page_deref + block_pop
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= 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1
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= 5 cycles
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```
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**hakmem fast path (with overhead)**:
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```
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Cost = class_lookup + TC_check + ring_check + ring_pop
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+ header_write + page_counter_inc (hash lookup)
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= 1 + (2 + hash) + 1 + 1 + 5 + (hash + atomic)
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= 10 + 2×hash + atomic
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= 10 + 2×(10-20) + 5
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= 35-55 cycles
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```
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**Ratio**: hakmem は **7-11× slower** per allocation
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#### Lock Contention Model
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**4 threads, 10M alloc/s, 100ns lock duration**:
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```
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Contention probability = (threads - 1) × rate × duration / shards
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= 3 × 10^7 × 100e-9 / 8
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= 37.5%
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Blocking cost per contention = 50-200 cycles
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Total overhead = 0.375 × 150 = 56 cycles per allocation
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```
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**結論**: Lock contention だけで **50% of gap** を説明できる
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---
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## 🎯 4大ボトルネック(Task先生の診断)
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| Rank | Bottleneck | hakmem Cost | mimalloc Cost | Impact |
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|------|------------|-------------|---------------|--------|
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| **1** | **Lock Contention** | 56 cycles | 0 cycles | **50%** 🔥 |
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| **2** | **Hash Lookups** | 20-40 cycles | 0 cycles | **25%** |
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| **3** | **Excess Branching** | 5-8 branches | 0 branches | **15%** |
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| **4** | **Metadata Overhead** | 5 cycles | 0 cycles | **10%** |
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**Total**: hakmem は **~120 cycles/allocation** vs mimalloc **~5 cycles/allocation**
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---
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## 💡 hakmem の設計思想 再評価
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### hakmem が目指したもの
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**7層 TLS caching の意図**:
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1. **Burst allocation**: Ring (32) + LIFO (256) で吸収
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2. **Locality-aware**: Site-based sharding で同じコードパスは同じシャード
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3. **Cross-thread 最適化**: Transfer Cache で owner-aware return
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4. **Adaptive**: Learning system で CAP/W_MAX 調整
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**利点が活きる workload**:
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- **Burst pattern**: 短時間に大量確保 → すぐ全部解放
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- **Locality-sensitive**: 同じ関数から繰り返し確保
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- **Producer-Consumer**: Thread 間でデータ受け渡し
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### larson benchmark との相性
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**larson の特性**:
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- Allocation pattern: **ランダム**(burst じゃない)
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- Size: **ランダム 2KB-32KB**(locality 低い)
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- Thread: **4 threads 均等負荷**(Producer-Consumer じゃない)
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→ **hakmem の利点が活きにくい**
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**別の workload では**:
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- JSON parser: Burst → hakmem 有利?
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- Database buffer pool: Locality → hakmem 有利?
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- Message queue: Producer-Consumer → hakmem 有利?
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### 公平な評価
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**hakmem の設計は悪くない、ただし:**
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1. **Over-engineered**: 7層は多すぎ
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2. **Overhead が重い**: Hash + Mutex が致命的
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3. **Universal performance**: mimalloc の 46.7% は厳しい
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**改善の方向性**:
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- **Keep**: Burst cache, Site-based sharding の思想
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- **Fix**: Hash lookup → Pointer arithmetic
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- **Fix**: Mutex → Lock-free
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- **Simplify**: 7層 → 3層
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---
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## 🚀 次の計画:mimalloc 打倒ロードマップ
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### 目標
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**Phase 7: Hybrid hakmem**
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- **Universal (larson)**: mimalloc の **60-75%**(目標)
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- **Burst**: mimalloc の **110-120%**(hakmem cache 活用)
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- **Locality**: mimalloc の **110-130%**(sharding 活用)
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### 3段階アプローチ
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#### Phase 7.1: Quick Fixes (8 hours) → +5-10%
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1. **QF1**: Trylock probes 削減(3→1)
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2. **QF2**: Ring + LIFO 統合(single cache)
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3. **QF3**: Header writes スキップ(fast path)
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**期待効果**: +5-10% (14.5-15.2 M/s)
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#### Phase 7.2: Medium Fixes (20-30 hours) → +25-35%
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1. **MF1**: Lock-free Freelist (**+15-25%**) ⭐⭐⭐
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- 56 mutexes → atomic CAS
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- ABA problem 対策
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- 実装時間: 12 hours
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2. **MF2**: Pointer Arithmetic Page Lookup (**+10-15%**)
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- Hash table → Segment-based addressing
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- mimalloc の技術移植
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- 実装時間: 8-10 hours
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3. **MF3**: Allocation Path 簡略化 (**+5-8%**)
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- 7層 → 3層(Ring + Page + Remote)
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- Branch 削減
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- 実装時間: 8-10 hours
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**期待効果**: +25-35% (17.2-18.6 M/s) → **58-63% of mimalloc**
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#### Phase 7.3: Moonshot (60 hours) → +50-70%
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**MS1**: Per-page Sharding(mimalloc 完全移植)
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- Global shards → Per-page freelists
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- Segment-based memory layout
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- 実装時間: 60 hours
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**期待効果**: +50-70% (20.7-23.4 M/s) → **70-79% of mimalloc**
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---
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## 📈 Phase 進捗まとめ
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| Phase | Strategy | Time | Expected | Actual | Status |
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|-------|----------|------|----------|--------|--------|
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| 6.24 | SuperSlab optimization | 4h | +8% | **+8.2%** | ✅ Success |
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| 6.25 Quick | Compiler + Ring + W_MAX + Prefault | 2h | +14-24% | **+37.8%** | ✅ **大成功** |
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| 6.25 本体 | Refill Batching | 2h | +10-15% | **+1.1%** | ❌ Failed |
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| 6.27 | Learner Integration | 0.2h | +5-10% | **-1.5%** | ❌ Failed |
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| **合計** | | 8.2h | +29-47% | **+37.8%** | ⚠️ Plateaued |
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**現状**: Quick wins で大幅改善したが、**architectural limit に到達**
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---
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## 🎓 Lessons Learned
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### 1. Incremental 最適化の限界
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**Quick wins (Phase 6.25 Quick)**: Compiler + TLS Ring 拡張 → **+37.8%** 🎉
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**Architectural fixes (Phase 6.25-6.27)**: Refill batching + Learner → **+1.1%** 😢
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**教訓**: **Low-hanging fruits は取り尽くした。次は architectural redesign が必要**
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### 2. Overhead の累積効果
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**56 cycles (lock) + 30 cycles (hash) + 10 cycles (branches) = 96 cycles overhead**
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**Small overhead × Many operations = Big gap**
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**教訓**: **Fast path の overhead を 1 cycle でも削るべき**
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### 3. 設計思想 vs Universal Performance
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**hakmem**: Adaptive, Locality-aware → **Special cases で有利**
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**mimalloc**: Simple, Universal → **All cases で安定**
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**教訓**: **Universal performance を犠牲にした最適化は危険**
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### 4. Task先生の分析の威力
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**1200行の詳細分析** → 真のボトルネックを特定
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- Lock contention: 50%
|
|||
|
|
- Hash lookups: 25%
|
|||
|
|
- Branching: 15%
|
|||
|
|
- Metadata: 10%
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**教訓**: **Profiling より理論分析が有効な場合もある**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 📂 File Changes
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Phase 6.25 本体
|
|||
|
|
| File | Changes | LOC |
|
|||
|
|
|------|---------|-----|
|
|||
|
|
| `hakmem_pool.c` | `alloc_tls_page_batch()` 追加 | +135 |
|
|||
|
|
| `docs/specs/ENV_VARS.md` | `HAKMEM_POOL_REFILL_BATCH` 追加 | +1 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Phase 6.27
|
|||
|
|
| File | Changes | LOC |
|
|||
|
|
|------|---------|-----|
|
|||
|
|
| `docs/specs/ENV_VARS.md` | Learner env vars documented | +0 (既存) |
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**Total**: ~136 LOC 追加
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 🎯 Next Actions
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Recommended: MF1 (Lock-Free Freelist) を即実装
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**理由**:
|
|||
|
|
1. **最大ボトルネック** (50% of gap) を直接解決
|
|||
|
|
2. **Standalone fix**: 他の変更に依存しない
|
|||
|
|
3. **Proven technique**: mimalloc, jemalloc で実証済み
|
|||
|
|
4. **Expected gain**: **+15-25%** (13.78 → 15.8-17.2 M/s)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**実装時間**: 12 hours
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**Risk**: Medium(ABA problem、memory ordering bugs)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**Mitigation**:
|
|||
|
|
- Extensive testing
|
|||
|
|
- TSan (ThreadSanitizer)
|
|||
|
|
- Epoch-based reclamation
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Alternative: Quick Fixes を先に実装
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**理由**:
|
|||
|
|
1. **Low risk**: 小さな変更
|
|||
|
|
2. **Quick win**: 8 hours で +5-10%
|
|||
|
|
3. **MF1 の前準備**: Code simplification
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**実装時間**: 8 hours
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 🎬 Conclusion
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Phase 6.25+6.27 では **+1.1% の微増**に留まり、目標未達成でした。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**原因**: Architectural bottlenecks(Lock, Hash, Branching)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**発見**: Task先生の深層解析により、真のボトルネックを特定
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**次のステップ**:
|
|||
|
|
- **MF1 (Lock-Free)** または **Quick Fixes** を実装
|
|||
|
|
- **Hybrid hakmem**: mimalloc の技術 + hakmem の思想
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**mimalloc を倒す道は険しいが、確実に進んでいます!** 🔥🔥🔥
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**作成日**: 2025-10-24 14:00 JST
|
|||
|
|
**ステータス**: ✅ **Phase 6.25-6.27 完了、Phase 7 へ**
|
|||
|
|
**次のフェーズ**: mimalloc 打倒作戦(MF1 または Quick Fixes)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## Appendix: Benchmark Commands
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Phase 6.25 測定
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
# Baseline (batch=1)
|
|||
|
|
env HAKMEM_POOL_REFILL_BATCH=1 LD_PRELOAD=./libhakmem.so \
|
|||
|
|
./mimalloc-bench/bench/larson/larson 10 2048 32768 10000 1 12345 4
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# Phase 6.25 (batch=2)
|
|||
|
|
env HAKMEM_POOL_REFILL_BATCH=2 LD_PRELOAD=./libhakmem.so \
|
|||
|
|
./mimalloc-bench/bench/larson/larson 10 2048 32768 10000 1 12345 4
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Phase 6.27 測定
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
# Learner ON
|
|||
|
|
env HAKMEM_POOL_REFILL_BATCH=2 HAKMEM_LEARN=1 \
|
|||
|
|
HAKMEM_TARGET_HIT_MID=0.75 HAKMEM_CAP_STEP_MID=8 \
|
|||
|
|
LD_PRELOAD=./libhakmem.so \
|
|||
|
|
./mimalloc-bench/bench/larson/larson 10 2048 32768 10000 1 12345 4
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### mimalloc Reference
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
# mimalloc Mid 4T
|
|||
|
|
LD_PRELOAD=/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmimalloc.so.2 \
|
|||
|
|
./mimalloc-bench/bench/larson/larson 10 2048 32768 10000 1 12345 4
|
|||
|
|
# Result: 29.50 M/s
|
|||
|
|
```
|